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A numerical approach for planning offshore wind farms from regional to local scales over the Mediterranean

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  • Balog, Irena
  • Ruti, Paolo M.
  • Tobin, Isabelle
  • Armenio, Vincenzo
  • Vautard, Robert

Abstract

Renewable energy resources, such as wind, are available worldwide. Locating areas with high and continual wind sources are crucial in pre-planning of wind farms. Vast offshore areas are characterized by higher and more reliable wind resources in comparison with continental areas. However, offshore wind energy production is in a quite preliminary phase. Elaborating the potential productivity of wind farms over such areas is challenging due to sparse in situ observations. The Mediterranean basin is not an exception. In this study we are proposing numerical simulations of near-surface wind fields from regional climate models (RCMs) in order to obtain and fill the gaps in observations over the Mediterranean basin. Four simulations produced with two regional climate models are examined here. Remote sensing observations (QuikSCAT satellite) are used to assess the skill of the simulated fields. A technique for estimating the potential energy from the wind fields over the region is introduced. The wind energy potential atlas and the map of a wind turbine's functional range are presented, locating the potentially interesting sub-regions for wind farms. The ability of models to reproduce the annual cycle and the probability density function of wind speed anomalies are detailed for specified sub-regions.

Suggested Citation

  • Balog, Irena & Ruti, Paolo M. & Tobin, Isabelle & Armenio, Vincenzo & Vautard, Robert, 2016. "A numerical approach for planning offshore wind farms from regional to local scales over the Mediterranean," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 395-405.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:85:y:2016:i:c:p:395-405
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.06.038
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    1. Robert Vautard & Françoise Thais & Isabelle Tobin & François-Marie Bréon & Jean-Guy Devezeaux de Lavergne & Augustin Colette & Pascal Yiou & Paolo Michele Ruti, 2014. "Regional climate model simulations indicate limited climatic impacts by operational and planned European wind farms," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 5(1), pages 1-9, May.
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    2. Carvalho, D. & Rocha, A. & Gómez-Gesteira, M. & Silva Santos, C., 2017. "Offshore winds and wind energy production estimates derived from ASCAT, OSCAT, numerical weather prediction models and buoys – A comparative study for the Iberian Peninsula Atlantic coast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(PB), pages 433-444.
    3. Davy, Richard & Gnatiuk, Natalia & Pettersson, Lasse & Bobylev, Leonid, 2018. "Climate change impacts on wind energy potential in the European domain with a focus on the Black Sea," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 1652-1659.
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    6. Christoforaki, Mary & Tsoutsos, Theocharis, 2017. "Sustainable siting of an offshore wind park a case in Chania, Crete," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 624-633.
    7. Almaktar, Mohamed & Shaaban, Mohamed, 2021. "Prospects of renewable energy as a non-rivalry energy alternative in Libya," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    8. Schweizer, Joerg & Antonini, Alessandro & Govoni, Laura & Gottardi, Guido & Archetti, Renata & Supino, Enrico & Berretta, Claudia & Casadei, Carlo & Ozzi, Claudia, 2016. "Investigating the potential and feasibility of an offshore wind farm in the Northern Adriatic Sea," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 449-463.
    9. Soares, Pedro M.M. & Lima, Daniela C.A. & Cardoso, Rita M. & Nascimento, Manuel L. & Semedo, Alvaro, 2017. "Western Iberian offshore wind resources: More or less in a global warming climate?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 72-90.
    10. Valliyil Mohammed Aboobacker & Puthuveetil Razak Shanas & Subramanian Veerasingam & Ebrahim M. A. S. Al-Ansari & Fadhil N. Sadooni & Ponnumony Vethamony, 2021. "Long-Term Assessment of Onshore and Offshore Wind Energy Potentials of Qatar," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    11. Daniela Pantusa & Antonio Francone & Giuseppe Roberto Tomasicchio, 2020. "Floating Offshore Renewable Energy Farms. A Life-Cycle Cost Analysis at Brindisi, Italy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-22, November.
    12. Ferrari, Francesco & Besio, Giovanni & Cassola, Federico & Mazzino, Andrea, 2020. "Optimized wind and wave energy resource assessment and offshore exploitability in the Mediterranean Sea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    13. Takvor H. Soukissian & Dimitra Denaxa & Flora Karathanasi & Aristides Prospathopoulos & Konstantinos Sarantakos & Athanasia Iona & Konstantinos Georgantas & Spyridon Mavrakos, 2017. "Marine Renewable Energy in the Mediterranean Sea: Status and Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-56, September.
    14. Nie, Bingchuan & Li, Jiachun, 2018. "Technical potential assessment of offshore wind energy over shallow continent shelf along China coast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(PA), pages 391-399.
    15. Soukissian, Takvor H. & Karathanasi, Flora E., 2017. "On the selection of bivariate parametric models for wind data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 280-304.
    16. Majidi Nezhad, Meysam & Neshat, Mehdi & Piras, Giuseppe & Astiaso Garcia, Davide, 2022. "Sites exploring prioritisation of offshore wind energy potential and mapping for wind farms installation: Iranian islands case studies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).

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