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Wind power forecasting for a real onshore wind farm on complex terrain using WRF high resolution simulations

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  • Prósper, Miguel A.
  • Otero-Casal, Carlos
  • Fernández, Felipe Canoura
  • Miguez-Macho, Gonzalo

Abstract

Regional meteorological models are becoming a generalized tool for wind resource forecasting, due to their capacity to simulate local flow dynamics impacting wind farm production. This study focuses on the case of production forecast and validation for a real onshore wind farm using high horizontal and vertical resolution WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model simulations. The wind farm is located in Galicia, in the northwest of Spain, in a complex region with high wind resource. Utilizing the Fitch scheme, specific for wind farms, a period of one year is simulated with a daily operational forecasting set-up. Power and wind predictions are obtained and compared with real data at each wind turbine hub, provided by the management company. Results show that WRF yields good wind power operational predictions for this kind of wind farms, due to a good representation of the planetary boundary layer behaviour of the region and the good performance of the Fitch scheme under these conditions. The best mean annual error (MAE) obtained is 1.87 m/s for wind speed and 14.75% for wind power. By comparing experiments with and without Fitch scheme, we estimate wind resource losses in the area due to the wake disturbances. The mean annual wake or environmental footprint of the farm extends for several kilometres in the southwest-northeast direction of the prevailing winds, with resource losses of 0.5% even at 17 km from the turbines.

Suggested Citation

  • Prósper, Miguel A. & Otero-Casal, Carlos & Fernández, Felipe Canoura & Miguez-Macho, Gonzalo, 2019. "Wind power forecasting for a real onshore wind farm on complex terrain using WRF high resolution simulations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 674-686.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:135:y:2019:i:c:p:674-686
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2018.12.047
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    Cited by:

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    5. Mateusz Rzeszutek & Adriana Kłosowska & Robert Oleniacz, 2023. "Accuracy Assessment of WRF Model in the Context of Air Quality Modeling in Complex Terrain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-27, August.
    6. Buen Zhang & Shyuan Cheng & Fanghan Lu & Yuan Zheng & Leonardo P. Chamorro, 2020. "Impact of Topographic Steps in the Wake and Power of a Wind Turbine: Part A—Statistics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, December.
    7. González-Alonso de Linaje, N. & Mattar, C. & Borvarán, D., 2019. "Quantifying the wind energy potential differences using different WRF initial conditions on Mediterranean coast of Chile," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    8. Ahmad, Tanveer & Zhang, Dongdong, 2022. "A data-driven deep sequence-to-sequence long-short memory method along with a gated recurrent neural network for wind power forecasting," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    9. D’Isidoro, Massimo & Briganti, Gino & Vitali, Lina & Righini, Gaia & Adani, Mario & Guarnieri, Guido & Moretti, Lorenzo & Raliselo, Muso & Mahahabisa, Mabafokeng & Ciancarella, Luisella & Zanini, Gabr, 2020. "Estimation of solar and wind energy resources over Lesotho and their complementarity by means of WRF yearly simulation at high resolution," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 114-129.
    10. Wu, Chunlei & Luo, Kun & Wang, Qiang & Fan, Jianren, 2022. "Simulated potential wind power sensitivity to the planetary boundary layer parameterizations combined with various topography datasets in the weather research and forecasting model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PB).
    11. Lu, Hongfang & Ma, Xin & Huang, Kun & Azimi, Mohammadamin, 2020. "Prediction of offshore wind farm power using a novel two-stage model combining kernel-based nonlinear extension of the Arps decline model with a multi-objective grey wolf optimizer," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 127(C).
    12. Carlos Otero-Casal & Platon Patlakas & Miguel A. Prósper & George Galanis & Gonzalo Miguez-Macho, 2019. "Development of a High-Resolution Wind Forecast System Based on the WRF Model and a Hybrid Kalman-Bayesian Filter," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-19, August.
    13. Wang, Yun & Zou, Runmin & Liu, Fang & Zhang, Lingjun & Liu, Qianyi, 2021. "A review of wind speed and wind power forecasting with deep neural networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    14. Du, Pei & Yang, Dongchuan & Li, Yanzhao & Wang, Jianzhou, 2024. "An innovative interpretable combined learning model for wind speed forecasting," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 358(C).
    15. Jin, Jingxin & Li, Yilin & Ye, Lin & Xu, Xunjian & Lu, Jiazheng, 2023. "Integration of atmospheric stability in wind resource assessment through multi-scale coupling method," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    16. Qiao, Dalei & Wu, Shun & Li, Ge & You, Jiaxing & Zhang, Juan & Shen, Bilong, 2022. "Wind speed forecasting using multi-site collaborative deep learning for complex terrain application in valleys," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 231-244.
    17. Liu, Hui & Duan, Zhu & Chen, Chao, 2020. "Wind speed big data forecasting using time-variant multi-resolution ensemble model with clustering auto-encoder," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    18. Francesco Pasanisi & Gaia Righini & Massimo D’Isidoro & Lina Vitali & Gino Briganti & Sergio Grauso & Lorenzo Moretti & Carlo Tebano & Gabriele Zanini & Mabafokeng Mahahabisa & Mosuoe Letuma & Muso Ra, 2021. "A Cooperation Project in Lesotho: Renewable Energy Potential Maps Embedded in a WebGIS Tool," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-26, September.
    19. Pedruzzi, Rizzieri & Silva, Allan Rodrigues & Soares dos Santos, Thalyta & Araujo, Allan Cavalcante & Cotta Weyll, Arthur Lúcide & Lago Kitagawa, Yasmin Kaore & Nunes da Silva Ramos, Diogo & Milani de, 2023. "Review of mapping analysis and complementarity between solar and wind energy sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    20. Li, Jiale & Song, Zihao & Wang, Xuefei & Wang, Yanru & Jia, Yaya, 2022. "A novel offshore wind farm typhoon wind speed prediction model based on PSO–Bi-LSTM improved by VMD," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    21. Duarte Jacondino, William & Nascimento, Ana Lucia da Silva & Calvetti, Leonardo & Fisch, Gilberto & Augustus Assis Beneti, Cesar & da Paz, Sheila Radman, 2021. "Hourly day-ahead wind power forecasting at two wind farms in northeast Brazil using WRF model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).

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