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Numerical analysis and performance enhancement of a cross-flow hydro turbine

Author

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  • Acharya, Nirmal
  • Kim, Chang-Gu
  • Thapa, Bhola
  • Lee, Young-Ho

Abstract

Exploitation of small hydropower sources requires the use of small turbines that combine efficiency and economy which can conveniently cater the power needs of rural and small communities. Cross-flow turbines are used widely in such micro hydropower plants due to their simple design, easier maintenance, low initial investment and modest efficiency. Also, because of their suitability under low heads, their efficient operation under a wide range of flow variations and ease of fabrication, cross-flow turbines have been extensively employed. The primary objective of this study is to numerically analyze the characteristics and the fluid flow in a cross-flow hydro turbine and to optimize its performance by geometrically modifying the several parameters. During the process, a base model was chosen, the design was modified simultaneously by varying the nozzle shape, changing the guide vane angle, varying the number of runner blades and simulations were carried out individually. Two phase (air & water at 25 °C), steady state with SST turbulence model was selected in the commercial CFD code ANSYS CFX 13.0 for the numerical simulation. The design parameters included 10 m head, 0.1 m3/s flow rate and 642 rpm rotational speed. The results obtained showed that the best efficiency obtained from the base nozzle was 63.67% which was geometrically modified that improved the turbine performance and the efficiency reached 76.60% (increase by 12.93%). Velocity distribution, pressure contours, output torque within the flow domain were also characterized. It was observed that the re-circulating flow region was reduced and also its pattern was varied.

Suggested Citation

  • Acharya, Nirmal & Kim, Chang-Gu & Thapa, Bhola & Lee, Young-Ho, 2015. "Numerical analysis and performance enhancement of a cross-flow hydro turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 819-826.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:80:y:2015:i:c:p:819-826
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2015.01.064
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Vincenzo Sammartano & Costanza Aricò & Armando Carravetta & Oreste Fecarotta & Tullio Tucciarelli, 2013. "Banki-Michell Optimal Design by Computational Fluid Dynamics Testing and Hydrodynamic Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 6(5), pages 1-24, April.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Yah, Nor F. & Oumer, Ahmed N. & Idris, Mat S., 2017. "Small scale hydro-power as a source of renewable energy in Malaysia: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 228-239.
    3. Suyesh, Bhattarai & Parag, Vichare & Keshav, Dahal & Ahmed, Al Makky & Abdul-Ghani, Olabi, 2019. "Novel trends in modelling techniques of Pelton Turbine bucket for increased renewable energy production," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 87-101.
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    6. Ram Adhikari & David Wood, 2018. "Computational Analysis of a Double-Nozzle Crossflow Hydroturbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-15, December.
    7. Du, Jiyun & Shen, Zhicheng & Yang, Hongxing, 2018. "Effects of different block designs on the performance of inline cross-flow turbines in urban water mains," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 97-107.
    8. Ram Adhikari & David Wood, 2018. "The Design of High Efficiency Crossflow Hydro Turbines: A Review and Extension," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(2), pages 1-18, January.
    9. Ifaei, Pouya & Farid, Alireza & Yoo, ChangKyoo, 2018. "An optimal renewable energy management strategy with and without hydropower using a factor weighted multi-criteria decision making analysis and nation-wide big data - Case study in Iran," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 357-372.
    10. Mehr, Goodarz & Durali, Mohammad & Khakrand, Mohammad Hadi & Hoghooghi, Hadi, 2021. "A novel design and performance optimization methodology for hydraulic Cross-Flow turbines using successive numerical simulations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1402-1421.
    11. Jiyun, Du & Hongxing, Yang & Zhicheng, Shen & Xiaodong, Guo, 2018. "Development of an inline vertical cross-flow turbine for hydropower harvesting in urban water supply pipes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 386-397.
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    13. Weerakoon, A.H. Samitha & Kim, Byung-Ha & Cho, Young-Jin & Prasad, Deepak Divashkar & Ahmed, M. Rafiuddin & Lee, Young-Ho, 2021. "Design optimization of a novel vertical augmentation channel housing a cross-flow turbine and performance evaluation as a wave energy converter," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 1300-1314.

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