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Biodiesel production from crude acorn (Quercus frainetto L.) kernel oil: An optimisation process using the Taguchi method

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  • Karabas, Hülya

Abstract

In this study, acorn kernel oil with high free fatty acid content is used as feedstock to produce biodiesel. Two stages are used to produce biodiesel after obtaining the acorn kernel oil. The 3.38% free fatty acid content is decreased to 0.14% in the first stage, whereas the acid ester biodiesel is produced using alkaline transesterification reaction in the second stage. The biodiesel production process parameters are the alcohol:oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time. Taguchi experimental design is used for acorn kernel oil methyl ester production via process parameter optimisation. The optimal process parameters are determined to be a catalyst concentration of 0.7 wt%, an 8:1 alcohol:oil molar ratio, a 50 °C reaction temperature and 40 min of reaction time using a KOH catalyst in experimental studies. According to the Taguchi method, the most efficient process parameter in acorn kernel oil methyl ester production. Finally, the acorn kernel oil methyl ester yield is 90% under the optimal process parameters obtained by the Taguchi method.

Suggested Citation

  • Karabas, Hülya, 2013. "Biodiesel production from crude acorn (Quercus frainetto L.) kernel oil: An optimisation process using the Taguchi method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 384-388.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:53:y:2013:i:c:p:384-388
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2012.12.002
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    1. Janaun, Jidon & Ellis, Naoko, 2010. "Perspectives on biodiesel as a sustainable fuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(4), pages 1312-1320, May.
    2. Gui, M.M. & Lee, K.T. & Bhatia, S., 2008. "Feasibility of edible oil vs. non-edible oil vs. waste edible oil as biodiesel feedstock," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(11), pages 1646-1653.
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    1. Leonardo G. Inácio & Raul Bernardino & Susana Bernardino & Clélia Afonso, 2024. "Acorns: From an Ancient Food to a Modern Sustainable Resource," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(22), pages 1-14, November.
    2. Olutoye, M.A. & Wong, S.W. & Chin, L.H. & Amani, H. & Asif, M. & Hameed, B.H., 2016. "Synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters via the transesterification of waste cooking oil by methanol with a barium-modified montmorillonite K10 catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 392-398.
    3. Hiep Nghia Bui & Hoang Quoc Do & Huong Thi Giang Duong & Yuan-Shing Perng & Vu Nguyen Dam & Van-Truc Nguyen & Ha Manh Bui, 2022. "Taguchi optimization and life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from spent ground coffee," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(11), pages 12900-12916, November.
    4. Enagi, Ibrahim I. & Al-attab, K.A. & Zainal, Z.A., 2018. "Liquid biofuels utilization for gas turbines: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 43-55.
    5. Tirkey, Jeewan Vachan & Kumar, Ajeet & Singh, Deepak Kumar, 2022. "Energy consumption, greenhouse gas emissions and economic feasibility studies of biodiesel production from Mahua (Madhuca longifolia) in India," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C).
    6. de Freitas, Flávio A. & Mendonça, Igor R.S. & Barros, Silma de S. & Pessoa Jr., Wanison G.A. & Sá, Ingrity S.C. & Gato, Larissa B. & Silva, Edson P. & Farias, Marco A.S. & Nobre, Francisco X. & Maia, , 2022. "Biodiesel production from tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer) almond oil applying the electrolytic paste of spent batteries as a catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 919-931.

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