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Biodiesel production from tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer) almond oil applying the electrolytic paste of spent batteries as a catalyst

Author

Listed:
  • de Freitas, Flávio A.
  • Mendonça, Igor R.S.
  • Barros, Silma de S.
  • Pessoa Jr., Wanison G.A.
  • Sá, Ingrity S.C.
  • Gato, Larissa B.
  • Silva, Edson P.
  • Farias, Marco A.S.
  • Nobre, Francisco X.
  • Maia, Paulo J.S.
  • Iglauer, Stefan
  • Isla, Kaori K.Y.

Abstract

Improper disposal of batteries can cause several environmental problems. Thus, this work aimed to apply the electrolytic paste (SB) of spent AA batteries as a catalyst. The SB was heat-treated (400 and 800 °C) and characterized by FTIR, XRF, XRD, TGA, SEM-EDX, titratable acidity, and soluble alkalinity. Although the thermal treatment changed the constituent phases, a majority presence of manganese and zinc was observed in the materials. The extracted tucumã almond oil was also characterized, showing a high percentage of saturated fatty acids (75%) and high acidity (9.25 KOH/g oil). The untreated SB showed higher acidity (0.02 mmol/g) and, consequently, higher catalytic activity in transesterification reactions, resulting in good conversions (>97%). Temperature and reaction time were the most significant parameters, according to ANOVA. SB also showed high catalytic activity in the esterification of oleic acid, achieving good conversions (96%). Thus, the electrolytic paste proved to be a potentially efficient and eco-friendly catalyst for biodiesel production, even from highly acidic oils.

Suggested Citation

  • de Freitas, Flávio A. & Mendonça, Igor R.S. & Barros, Silma de S. & Pessoa Jr., Wanison G.A. & Sá, Ingrity S.C. & Gato, Larissa B. & Silva, Edson P. & Farias, Marco A.S. & Nobre, Francisco X. & Maia, , 2022. "Biodiesel production from tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer) almond oil applying the electrolytic paste of spent batteries as a catalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 919-931.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:191:y:2022:i:c:p:919-931
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.04.083
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    References listed on IDEAS

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