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Further analysis of change in nearshore wave climate due to an offshore wave farm: An enhanced case study for the Wave Hub site

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  • Smith, Helen C.M.
  • Pearce, Charles
  • Millar, Dean L.

Abstract

This paper addresses the use of numerical wave models for assessing the impact of offshore wave farms on the nearshore wave climate. Previous studies have investigated the effect of energy extraction by wave energy devices through the use of spectral models such as SWAN, representing a wave farm as one or more barriers within the model domain and applying a constant wave energy transmission percentage across the whole wave spectrum incident at the barrier. However, this is an unrealistic representation of the behaviour of real wave energy converters. These will exhibit frequency-dependent energy absorption characteristics that will correspond to the spectral response of the device, and may reflect its ability to be tuned to extract energy at particular frequencies. This study describes a modification of the SWAN source code to enable frequency-dependent wave energy transmission through a barrier. A detailed analysis of the wave climate at the Wave Hub wave farm site is also presented, with a particular focus on the occurrence of bimodal sea states. The modified SWAN code is used to assess how impact predictions for typically occurring sea states may differ when using frequency-dependent rather than constant wave energy transmission, with reference to a previous study using the unmodified code (Millar, Smith and Reeve, 2007 [1]). The results illustrate the dependence of the magnitude of the impact on both the response function of the devices and the spectral sea state in which they are operating.

Suggested Citation

  • Smith, Helen C.M. & Pearce, Charles & Millar, Dean L., 2012. "Further analysis of change in nearshore wave climate due to an offshore wave farm: An enhanced case study for the Wave Hub site," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 51-64.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:40:y:2012:i:1:p:51-64
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2011.09.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Palha, Artur & Mendes, Lourenço & Fortes, Conceição Juana & Brito-Melo, Ana & Sarmento, António, 2010. "The impact of wave energy farms in the shoreline wave climate: Portuguese pilot zone case study using Pelamis energy wave devices," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 62-77.
    2. Beels, Charlotte & Troch, Peter & De Visch, Kenneth & Kofoed, Jens Peter & De Backer, Griet, 2010. "Application of the time-dependent mild-slope equations for the simulation of wake effects in the lee of a farm of Wave Dragon wave energy converters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 1644-1661.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rijnsdorp, Dirk P. & Hansen, Jeff E. & Lowe, Ryan J., 2020. "Understanding coastal impacts by nearshore wave farms using a phase-resolving wave model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 637-648.
    2. Roche, R.C. & Walker-Springett, K. & Robins, P.E. & Jones, J. & Veneruso, G. & Whitton, T.A. & Piano, M. & Ward, S.L. & Duce, C.E. & Waggitt, J.J. & Walker-Springett, G.R. & Neill, S.P. & Lewis, M.J. , 2016. "Research priorities for assessing potential impacts of emerging marine renewable energy technologies: Insights from developments in Wales (UK)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1327-1341.
    3. Astariz, S. & Iglesias, G., 2016. "Co-located wind and wave energy farms: Uniformly distributed arrays," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 497-508.
    4. Luczko, Ewelina & Robertson, Bryson & Bailey, Helen & Hiles, Clayton & Buckham, Bradley, 2018. "Representing non-linear wave energy converters in coastal wave models," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 376-385.
    5. Fairley, I. & Ahmadian, R. & Falconer, R.A. & Willis, M.R. & Masters, I., 2014. "The effects of a Severn Barrage on wave conditions in the Bristol Channel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 428-442.
    6. Veigas, M. & Ramos, V. & Iglesias, G., 2014. "A wave farm for an island: Detailed effects on the nearshore wave climate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 801-812.
    7. Astariz, S. & Perez-Collazo, C. & Abanades, J. & Iglesias, G., 2015. "Co-located wave-wind farms: Economic assessment as a function of layout," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 837-849.
    8. Abanades, J. & Greaves, D. & Iglesias, G., 2015. "Coastal defence using wave farms: The role of farm-to-coast distance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 572-582.
    9. Sierra, J.P. & González-Marco, D. & Sospedra, J. & Gironella, X. & Mösso, C. & Sánchez-Arcilla, A., 2013. "Wave energy resource assessment in Lanzarote (Spain)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 480-489.
    10. Silva, Dina & Martinho, Paulo & Guedes Soares, C., 2018. "Wave energy distribution along the Portuguese continental coast based on a thirty three years hindcast," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 1064-1075.
    11. Behrens, Sam & Hayward, Jennifer A. & Woodman, Stuart C. & Hemer, Mark A. & Ayre, Melanie, 2015. "Wave energy for Australia's National Electricity Market," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 685-693.
    12. Sharay Astariz & Gregorio Iglesias, 2015. "Enhancing Wave Energy Competitiveness through Co-Located Wind and Wave Energy Farms. A Review on the Shadow Effect," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(7), pages 1-23, July.
    13. Ashton, I. & Van-Nieuwkoop-McCall, J.C.C. & Smith, H.C.M. & Johanning, L., 2014. "Spatial variability of waves within a marine energy site using in-situ measurements and a high resolution spectral wave model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 699-710.
    14. Smith, Helen C.M. & Haverson, David & Smith, George H., 2013. "A wave energy resource assessment case study: Review, analysis and lessons learnt," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 510-521.
    15. David, Daniel R. & Rijnsdorp, Dirk P. & Hansen, Jeff E. & Lowe, Ryan J. & Buckley, Mark L., 2022. "Predicting coastal impacts by wave farms: A comparison of wave-averaged and wave-resolving models," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 764-780.
    16. Astariz, S. & Iglesias, G., 2017. "The collocation feasibility index – A method for selecting sites for co-located wave and wind farms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 811-824.
    17. Greenwood, Charles & Christie, David & Venugopal, Vengatesan & Morrison, James & Vogler, Arne, 2016. "Modelling performance of a small array of Wave Energy Converters: Comparison of Spectral and Boussinesq models," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 258-266.
    18. Astariz, S. & Perez-Collazo, C. & Abanades, J. & Iglesias, G., 2015. "Towards the optimal design of a co-located wind-wave farm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 15-24.
    19. Dina Silva & Eugen Rusu & C. Guedes Soares, 2018. "The Effect of a Wave Energy Farm Protecting an Aquaculture Installation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-17, August.
    20. Rusu, Eugen & Guedes Soares, C., 2013. "Coastal impact induced by a Pelamis wave farm operating in the Portuguese nearshore," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 34-49.
    21. Chang, G. & Ruehl, K. & Jones, C.A. & Roberts, J. & Chartrand, C., 2016. "Numerical modeling of the effects of wave energy converter characteristics on nearshore wave conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 636-648.
    22. Carballo, R. & Iglesias, G., 2013. "Wave farm impact based on realistic wave-WEC interaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 216-229.
    23. Christopher Stokes & Daniel C. Conley, 2018. "Modelling Offshore Wave farms for Coastal Process Impact Assessment: Waves, Beach Morphology, and Water Users," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(10), pages 1-26, September.

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