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Aggregate load-frequency control of a wind-hydro autonomous microgrid

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  • Şerban, I.
  • Marinescu, C.

Abstract

This paper presents an aggregate load-frequency controller for an autonomous microgrid (MG) with wind and hydro renewable energy sources. A micro-hydro power plant with a synchronous generator (SG) and a wind power plant with an induction generator (IG) supply the MG. Both generators directly feed power into the grid without the use of additional power electronics interfaces, thus the solution becoming robust, reliable and cost-effective. An original electronic load controller (ELC) regulates the MG frequency by a centralized load-frequency control method, which is based on a combination of smart load (SL) and battery energy storage system (BESS). SL and BESS provides the active power balance for various events that such systems encounter in real situations, both in cases of energy excess production and energy shortage. Moreover, the proposed ELC includes an ancillary function to compensate the power unbalance produced by the uneven distribution of the single-phase loads on the MG phases, without the use of extra hardware components. A laboratory-scale prototype is used for experimentally assessment of the proposed solutions. The experimental results emphasize the effectiveness of the ELC while also showing its limitations.

Suggested Citation

  • Şerban, I. & Marinescu, C., 2011. "Aggregate load-frequency control of a wind-hydro autonomous microgrid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3345-3354.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:36:y:2011:i:12:p:3345-3354
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2011.05.012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Chowdhury, S.P. & Chowdhury, S. & Crossley, P.A. & Gaunt, C.T., 2009. "RETRACTED: UK scenario of islanded operation of active distribution networks with renewable distributed generators," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(12), pages 2585-2591.
    2. Alexander, K.V. & Giddens, E.P., 2008. "Microhydro: Cost-effective, modular systems for low heads," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(6), pages 1379-1391.
    3. Sebastián, R. & Quesada, J., 2006. "Distributed control system for frequency control in a isolated wind system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 31(3), pages 285-305.
    4. Sebastián, R. & Alzola, R. Peña, 2010. "Effective active power control of a high penetration wind diesel system with a Ni–Cd battery energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 952-965.
    5. Jarman, R. & Bryce, P., 2007. "Experimental investigation and modelling of the interaction between an AVR and ballast load frequency controller in a stand-alone micro-hydroelectric system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(9), pages 1525-1543.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Prieto-Araujo, E. & Olivella-Rosell, P. & Cheah-Mañe, M. & Villafafila-Robles, R. & Gomis-Bellmunt, O., 2015. "Renewable energy emulation concepts for microgrids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 325-345.
    3. Meng Zhang & Jinhai Feng & Ziwen Zhao & Wei Zhang & Junzhi Zhang & Beibei Xu, 2022. "A 1D-3D Coupling Model to Evaluate Hydropower Generation System Stability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-13, September.
    4. Pandey, Shashi Kant & Mohanty, Soumya R. & Kishor, Nand, 2013. "A literature survey on load–frequency control for conventional and distribution generation power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 318-334.
    5. Ting Yang & Yajian Zhang & Zhaoxia Wang & Haibo Pen, 2018. "Secondary Frequency Stochastic Optimal Control in Independent Microgrids with Virtual Synchronous Generator-Controlled Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-14, September.
    6. Guoxing Yu & Huihui Song & Meng Liu & Zongxun Song & Yanbin Qu, 2022. "Distributed Weight Adaptive Control for Frequency Regulation of Islanded Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-16, June.

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