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Effective active power control of a high penetration wind diesel system with a Ni–Cd battery energy storage

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  • Sebastián, R.
  • Alzola, R. Peña

Abstract

High penetration (HP) Wind Diesel Hybrid Systems (WDHS) have three modes of operation: Diesel Only (DO), Wind Diesel (WD) and Wind Only (WO). The HP-WDHS presented in this article consists of a Wind Turbine Generator (WTG), a Diesel Generator (DG), the consumer Load, a Ni–Cd Battery based Energy Storage System (BESS), a discrete Dump Load (DL) and a Distributed Control System (DCS). The DG includes a friction clutch which allows the Diesel Engine (DE) to be engaged (DO and WD modes)/disengaged (WO mode) to the Synchronous Machine (SM). The DCS consists of a sensor node which measures the SM speed and active power, calculates the reference active power PREF necessary to balance the active power in the WDHS and communicates this PREF value through a message to the BESS and DL actuator nodes. In the WD mode both the DG and WTG supply active power to the system and the DE speed governor regulates the system frequency. However in an HP-WDHS the power produced by the WTG (PT) can be greater than the one consumed by the load (PL). This situation means a negative power in the DG (power inversion) with its speed governor unable to regulate frequency. To avoid this situation, the DCS must order coordinated power consumption to the BESS and DL in order to keep the DG produced power positive. In this article it is shown by simulation how the DCS manages both a temporary power inversion and a permanent one with the mandatory transition from WD to WO mode. The presented graphs for frequency, voltage, active powers of the system elements and battery voltage/current show the effectiveness of the designed control.

Suggested Citation

  • Sebastián, R. & Alzola, R. Peña, 2010. "Effective active power control of a high penetration wind diesel system with a Ni–Cd battery energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 952-965.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:35:y:2010:i:5:p:952-965
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2009.11.029
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Carrillo, C. & Feijóo, A. & Cidrás, J., 2009. "Comparative study of flywheel systems in an isolated wind plant," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(3), pages 890-898.
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    Cited by:

    1. Díaz-González, Francisco & Sumper, Andreas & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Villafáfila-Robles, Roberto, 2012. "A review of energy storage technologies for wind power applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 2154-2171.
    2. Manchester, Sebastian C. & Swan, Lukas G. & Groulx, Dominic, 2015. "Regenerative air energy storage for remote wind–diesel micro-grid communities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 490-500.
    3. Sebastián, R. & Peña Alzola, R., 2012. "Flywheel energy storage systems: Review and simulation for an isolated wind power system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(9), pages 6803-6813.
    4. Li, Yongliang & Sciacovelli, Adriano & Peng, Xiaodong & Radcliffe, Jonathan & Ding, Yulong, 2016. "Integrating compressed air energy storage with a diesel engine for electricity generation in isolated areas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 26-36.
    5. Şerban, I. & Marinescu, C., 2011. "Aggregate load-frequency control of a wind-hydro autonomous microgrid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3345-3354.
    6. Zhao, Pan & Dai, Yiping & Wang, Jiangfeng, 2014. "Design and thermodynamic analysis of a hybrid energy storage system based on A-CAES (adiabatic compressed air energy storage) and FESS (flywheel energy storage system) for wind power application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 674-684.
    7. Khalid, M. & Savkin, A.V., 2012. "An optimal operation of wind energy storage system for frequency control based on model predictive control," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 127-132.
    8. Li, Yong & He, Li & Liu, Fang & Tan, Yi & Cao, Yijia & Luo, Longfu & Shahidehpour, Mohammod, 2018. "A dynamic coordinated control strategy of WTG-ES combined system for short-term frequency support," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 1-11.
    9. Rafael Sebastián, 2021. "Review on Dynamic Simulation of Wind Diesel Isolated Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-17, March.

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