IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/renene/v219y2023ip1s0960148123013381.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Flexibility index for a distributed energy system design optimization

Author

Listed:
  • Yang, Sheng
  • Liu, Beilin
  • Li, Xiaolong
  • Liu, Zhiqiang
  • Liu, Yue
  • Xie, Nan
  • Ren, Jingzheng

Abstract

Flexibility plays a critical role in the design of distributed energy systems (DESs) as it encompasses various aspects related to demand, storage, and supply. To optimize the capacity configuration of DESs effectively, a novel flexibility index (FI) is proposed in this study. The FI is constructed based on the fuzzy best-worst method with considerations for economy, autonomy, energy efficiency, and environmental friendliness, aligning with the characteristics of the DES. Considering FI, particle swarm optimization is employed to determine the optimal design scheme for the DES. A case study involving a swimming pool in Changsha City is conducted to demonstrate the reliability of the proposed optimization scheme. Furthermore, a multi-objective optimization model based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II and technique of ordering preferences for ideal solution similarity algorithms is developed with different objective functions. The results show that the system optimized considering flexibility maintains better performance, with system flexibility, renewable energy penetration, and off-grid degree indices of 0.824, 0.780, and 0.757 respectively. In addition, the optimization of system configuration considering flexibility can dynamically respond to diverse energy demands, maintaining lower operation and maintenance costs ($11223.75 per year), and lower CO2 emissions (91800kgCO2 per year). The quantified FI presented in this study provides a user-friendly and reliable optimization index for the design of DESs.

Suggested Citation

  • Yang, Sheng & Liu, Beilin & Li, Xiaolong & Liu, Zhiqiang & Liu, Yue & Xie, Nan & Ren, Jingzheng, 2023. "Flexibility index for a distributed energy system design optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(P1).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:219:y:2023:i:p1:s0960148123013381
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.119423
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960148123013381
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.renene.2023.119423?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Tang, Hong & Wang, Shengwei & Li, Hangxin, 2021. "Flexibility categorization, sources, capabilities and technologies for energy-flexible and grid-responsive buildings: State-of-the-art and future perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    2. McIlwaine, Neil & Foley, Aoife M. & Morrow, D. John & Al Kez, Dlzar & Zhang, Chongyu & Lu, Xi & Best, Robert J., 2021. "A state-of-the-art techno-economic review of distributed and embedded energy storage for energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    3. Kondziella, Hendrik & Bruckner, Thomas, 2016. "Flexibility requirements of renewable energy based electricity systems – a review of research results and methodologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 10-22.
    4. Wang, Jiang-Jiang & Jing, You-Yin & Zhang, Chun-Fa & Zhang, Xu-Tao & Shi, Guo-Hua, 2008. "Integrated evaluation of distributed triple-generation systems using improved grey incidence approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(9), pages 1427-1437.
    5. Wang, Jiangjiang & Lu, Yanchao & Yang, Ying & Mao, Tianzhi, 2016. "Thermodynamic performance analysis and optimization of a solar-assisted combined cooling, heating and power system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 49-59.
    6. Ismail, M.S. & Moghavvemi, M. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Muttaqi, K.M. & Moghavvemi, S., 2015. "Effective utilization of excess energy in standalone hybrid renewable energy systems for improving comfort ability and reducing cost of energy: A review and analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 726-734.
    7. Morlok, Edward K. & Chang, David J., 2004. "Measuring capacity flexibility of a transportation system," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 38(6), pages 405-420, July.
    8. Narayan, Apurva & Ponnambalam, Kumaraswamy, 2017. "Risk-averse stochastic programming approach for microgrid planning under uncertainty," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 399-408.
    9. Alizadeh, M.I. & Parsa Moghaddam, M. & Amjady, N. & Siano, P. & Sheikh-El-Eslami, M.K., 2016. "Flexibility in future power systems with high renewable penetration: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 1186-1193.
    10. Gao, Yuan & Matsunami, Yuki & Miyata, Shohei & Akashi, Yasunori, 2022. "Operational optimization for off-grid renewable building energy system using deep reinforcement learning," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    11. Perera, A.T.D. & Nik, Vahid M. & Wickramasinghe, P.U. & Scartezzini, Jean-Louis, 2019. "Redefining energy system flexibility for distributed energy system design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    12. Ma, Weiwu & Fang, Song & Liu, Gang, 2017. "Hybrid optimization method and seasonal operation strategy for distributed energy system integrating CCHP, photovoltaic and ground source heat pump," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 1439-1455.
    13. Sayyaadi, Hoseyn & Babaie, Meisam & Farmani, Mohammad Reza, 2011. "Implementing of the multi-objective particle swarm optimizer and fuzzy decision-maker in exergetic, exergoeconomic and environmental optimization of a benchmark cogeneration system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 4777-4789.
    14. Minaei, Foad & Minaei, Masoud & Kougias, Ioannis & Shafizadeh-Moghadam, Hossein & Hosseini, Seyed Ali, 2021. "Rural electrification in protected areas: A spatial assessment of solar photovoltaic suitability using the fuzzy best worst method," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 334-345.
    15. Hui, Hengyu & Bao, Minglei & Ding, Yi & Song, Yonghua, 2022. "Exploring the integrated flexible region of distributed multi-energy systems with process industry," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 311(C).
    16. Ma, Tengfei & Wu, Junyong & Hao, Liangliang & Lee, Wei-Jen & Yan, Huaguang & Li, Dezhi, 2018. "The optimal structure planning and energy management strategies of smart multi energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 122-141.
    17. Valkering, Pieter & Moglianesi, Andrea & Godon, Louis & Duerinck, Jan & Huber, Dominik & Costa, Daniele, 2023. "Representing decentralized generation and local energy use flexibility in an energy system optimization model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 348(C).
    18. Lund, Peter D. & Lindgren, Juuso & Mikkola, Jani & Salpakari, Jyri, 2015. "Review of energy system flexibility measures to enable high levels of variable renewable electricity," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 785-807.
    19. Song, Zhihui & Liu, Tao & Lin, Qizhao, 2020. "Multi-objective optimization of a solar hybrid CCHP system based on different operation modes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C).
    20. Perera, A.T.D. & Nik, Vahid M. & Mauree, Dasaraden & Scartezzini, Jean-Louis, 2017. "Electrical hubs: An effective way to integrate non-dispatchable renewable energy sources with minimum impact to the grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 190(C), pages 232-248.
    21. Yang, Xue & Wang, Shaojian & Zhang, Wenzhong & Li, Jiaming & Zou, Yafeng, 2016. "Impacts of energy consumption, energy structure, and treatment technology on SO2 emissions: A multi-scale LMDI decomposition analysis in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 714-726.
    22. Perera, A.T.D. & Soga, Kenichi & Xu, Yujie & Nico, Peter S. & Hong, Tianzhen, 2023. "Enhancing flexibility for climate change using seasonal energy storage (aquifer thermal energy storage) in distributed energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    23. Srinivasan, Arvind & Wu, Raphael & Heer, Philipp & Sansavini, Giovanni, 2023. "Impact of forecast uncertainty and electricity markets on the flexibility provision and economic performance of highly-decarbonized multi-energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 338(C).
    24. Wu, Yaling & Liu, Zhongbing & Li, Benjia & Liu, Jiangyang & Zhang, Ling, 2022. "Energy management strategy and optimal battery capacity for flexible PV-battery system under time-of-use tariff," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 558-570.
    25. Zhang, Jingjing & Li, Huanhuan & Chen, Diyi & Xu, Beibei & Mahmud, Md Apel, 2021. "Flexibility assessment of a hybrid power system: Hydroelectric units in balancing the injection of wind power," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 1313-1326.
    26. Rivero-Iglesias, Jose M. & Puente, Javier & Fernandez, Isabel & León, Omar, 2023. "Integrated model for the assessment of power generation alternatives through analytic hierarchy process and a fuzzy inference system. Case study of Spain," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 563-581.
    27. Wang, Jianxiao & Zhong, Haiwang & Ma, Ziming & Xia, Qing & Kang, Chongqing, 2017. "Review and prospect of integrated demand response in the multi-energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 772-782.
    28. Mokhtara, Charafeddine & Negrou, Belkhir & Settou, Noureddine & Settou, Belkhir & Samy, Mohamed Mahmoud, 2021. "Design optimization of off-grid Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems considering the effects of building energy performance and climate change: Case study of Algeria," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    29. Salom, Jaume & Marszal, Anna Joanna & Widén, Joakim & Candanedo, José & Lindberg, Karen Byskov, 2014. "Analysis of load match and grid interaction indicators in net zero energy buildings with simulated and monitored data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 119-131.
    30. Mostafaeipour, Ali & Alvandimanesh, Marzieh & Najafi, Fatemeh & Issakhov, Alibek, 2021. "Identifying challenges and barriers for development of solar energy by using fuzzy best-worst method: A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    31. Schmeling, Lucas & Schönfeldt, Patrik & Klement, Peter & Vorspel, Lena & Hanke, Benedikt & von Maydell, Karsten & Agert, Carsten, 2022. "A generalised optimal design methodology for distributed energy systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 1223-1239.
    32. Cao, Yan & A. Dhahad, Hayder & Alsharif, Sameer & El-Shorbagy, M.A. & Sharma, Kamal & E. Anqi, Ali & Rashidi, Shima & A. Shamseldin, Mohamed & Shafay, Amel S., 2022. "Predication of the sensitivity of a novel daily triple-periodic solar-based electricity/hydrogen cogeneration system with storage units: Dual parametric analysis and NSGA-II optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 340-360.
    33. Rezaei, Jafar, 2015. "Best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 49-57.
    34. Petrucci, Andrea & Ayevide, Follivi Kloutse & Buonomano, Annamaria & Athienitis, Andreas, 2023. "Development of energy aggregators for virtual communities: The energy efficiency-flexibility nexus for demand response," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    35. Perera, A.T.D. & Nik, Vahid M. & Mauree, Dasaraden & Scartezzini, Jean-Louis, 2017. "An integrated approach to design site specific distributed electrical hubs combining optimization, multi-criterion assessment and decision making," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 103-120.
    36. Wu, Qiong & Ren, Hongbo & Gao, Weijun & Ren, Jianxing, 2016. "Multi-objective optimization of a distributed energy network integrated with heating interchange," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 353-364.
    37. Perera, A.T.D. & Attalage, R.A. & Perera, K.K.C.K. & Dassanayake, V.P.C., 2013. "A hybrid tool to combine multi-objective optimization and multi-criterion decision making in designing standalone hybrid energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 412-425.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Perera, A.T.D. & Nik, Vahid M. & Wickramasinghe, P.U. & Scartezzini, Jean-Louis, 2019. "Redefining energy system flexibility for distributed energy system design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    2. Perera, A.T.D. & Nik, Vahid M. & Mauree, Dasaraden & Scartezzini, Jean-Louis, 2017. "An integrated approach to design site specific distributed electrical hubs combining optimization, multi-criterion assessment and decision making," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 103-120.
    3. Wang, Jiangjiang & Liu, Yi & Ren, Fukang & Lu, Shuaikang, 2020. "Multi-objective optimization and selection of hybrid combined cooling, heating and power systems considering operational flexibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    4. Perera, A.T.D. & Soga, Kenichi & Xu, Yujie & Nico, Peter S. & Hong, Tianzhen, 2023. "Enhancing flexibility for climate change using seasonal energy storage (aquifer thermal energy storage) in distributed energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 340(C).
    5. Wang, Zhengchao & Perera, A.T.D., 2020. "Integrated platform to design robust energy internet," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    6. Zhou, Yuan & Wang, Jiangjiang & Dong, Fuxiang & Qin, Yanbo & Ma, Zherui & Ma, Yanpeng & Li, Jianqiang, 2021. "Novel flexibility evaluation of hybrid combined cooling, heating and power system with an improved operation strategy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    7. Karni Siraganyan & Amarasinghage Tharindu Dasun Perera & Jean-Louis Scartezzini & Dasaraden Mauree, 2019. "Eco-Sim: A Parametric Tool to Evaluate the Environmental and Economic Feasibility of Decentralized Energy Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-22, February.
    8. Perera, A.T.D. & Wickramasinghe, P.U. & Nik, Vahid M. & Scartezzini, Jean-Louis, 2019. "Machine learning methods to assist energy system optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 243(C), pages 191-205.
    9. Perera, A.T.D. & Khayatian, F. & Eggimann, S. & Orehounig, K. & Halgamuge, Saman, 2022. "Quantifying the climate and human-system-driven uncertainties in energy planning by using GANs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    10. Tian, Zhe & Li, Xiaoyuan & Niu, Jide & Zhou, Ruoyu & Li, Feng, 2024. "Enhancing operation flexibility of distributed energy systems: A flexible multi-objective optimization planning method considering long-term and temporary objectives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    11. Perera, A.T.D. & Zhao, Bingyu & Wang, Zhe & Soga, Kenichi & Hong, Tianzhen, 2023. "Optimal design of microgrids to improve wildfire resilience for vulnerable communities at the wildland-urban interface," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 335(C).
    12. Baohong Jin & Zhichao Liu & Yichuan Liao, 2023. "Exploring the Impact of Regional Integrated Energy Systems Performance by Energy Storage Devices Based on a Bi-Level Dynamic Optimization Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-21, March.
    13. Liu, Zhiqiang & Cui, Yanping & Wang, Jiaqiang & Yue, Chang & Agbodjan, Yawovi Souley & Yang, Yu, 2022. "Multi-objective optimization of multi-energy complementary integrated energy systems considering load prediction and renewable energy production uncertainties," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PC).
    14. Jin, Baohong, 2023. "Impact of renewable energy penetration in power systems on the optimization and operation of regional distributed energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    15. Ren, Fukang & Lin, Xiaozhen & Wei, Ziqing & Zhai, Xiaoqiang & Yang, Jianrong, 2022. "A novel planning method for design and dispatch of hybrid energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 321(C).
    16. Perera, A.T.D. & Wang, Z. & Nik, Vahid M. & Scartezzini, Jean-Louis, 2021. "Towards realization of an Energy Internet: Designing distributed energy systems using game-theoretic approach," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    17. Elena Arce, María & Saavedra, Ángeles & Míguez, José L. & Granada, Enrique, 2015. "The use of grey-based methods in multi-criteria decision analysis for the evaluation of sustainable energy systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 924-932.
    18. Perera, A.T.D. & Kamalaruban, Parameswaran, 2021. "Applications of reinforcement learning in energy systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    19. Dong, Zhe & Liu, Miao & Zhang, Zuoyi & Dong, Yujie & Huang, Xiaojin, 2019. "Automatic generation control for the flexible operation of multimodular high temperature gas-cooled reactor plants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 11-31.
    20. Gao, Lei & Hwang, Yunho & Cao, Tao, 2019. "An overview of optimization technologies applied in combined cooling, heating and power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:219:y:2023:i:p1:s0960148123013381. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.