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Turbulence in waked wind turbine wakes: Similarity and empirical formulae

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  • Zhang, Yi
  • Li, Zhaobin
  • Liu, Xiaohao
  • Sotiropoulos, Fotis
  • Yang, Xiaolei

Abstract

Turbulence of wind turbine wakes increases the power fluctuations and dynamic loads of downwind turbines. In this work, we analyze the large-eddy simulation (LES) data of the Horns Rev wind farm, and find that the streamwise variations of the Reynolds normal stresses in the wakes of the waked wind turbines located in different rows collapse well with each other for both rise and decay portions when they are normalized using the maxima. Empirical formulae in the form of a power function are then proposed to describe the streamwise variations of the Reynolds normal stresses for different blade spanwise positions. Notably, linear relations are observed between the exponent and the coefficient. The LES data of the two tandem wind turbine cases with different inflows and turbine spacings are then employed to test the proposed empirical formulae. The tests show that the empirical formulae can capture the downstream variations of the Reynolds normal stresses especially for the streamwise component.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Yi & Li, Zhaobin & Liu, Xiaohao & Sotiropoulos, Fotis & Yang, Xiaolei, 2023. "Turbulence in waked wind turbine wakes: Similarity and empirical formulae," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 27-41.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:209:y:2023:i:c:p:27-41
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2023.03.068
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bastankhah, Majid & Porté-Agel, Fernando, 2014. "A new analytical model for wind-turbine wakes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 116-123.
    2. Xiaolei Yang & Fotis Sotiropoulos, 2019. "A Review on the Meandering of Wind Turbine Wakes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-20, December.
    3. Li, Li & Huang, Zhi & Ge, Mingwei & Zhang, Qiying, 2022. "A novel three-dimensional analytical model of the added streamwise turbulence intensity for wind-turbine wakes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PB).
    4. Xiaohao Liu & Zhaobin Li & Xiaolei Yang & Duo Xu & Seokkoo Kang & Ali Khosronejad, 2022. "Large-Eddy Simulation of Wakes of Waked Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-26, April.
    5. Ingrid Neunaber & Michael Hölling & Richard J. A. M. Stevens & Gerard Schepers & Joachim Peinke, 2020. "Distinct Turbulent Regions in the Wake of a Wind Turbine and Their Inflow-Dependent Locations: The Creation of a Wake Map," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-20, October.
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    Cited by:

    1. Davide Astolfi & Fabrizio De Caro & Alfredo Vaccaro, 2023. "Characterizing the Wake Effects on Wind Power Generator Operation by Data-Driven Techniques," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-19, August.
    2. Rivera-Arreba, Irene & Li, Zhaobin & Yang, Xiaolei & Bachynski-Polić, Erin E., 2024. "Comparison of the dynamic wake meandering model against large eddy simulation for horizontal and vertical steering of wind turbine wakes," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).

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