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Sn-containing electrocatalysts with a reduced amount of palladium for alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell applications

Author

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  • Pinheiro, Victor S.
  • Souza, Felipe M.
  • Gentil, Tuani C.
  • Nascimento, Aline N.
  • Böhnstedt, Paula
  • Parreira, Luanna S.
  • Paz, Edson C.
  • Hammer, Peter
  • Sairre, Mirela I.
  • Batista, Bruno L.
  • Santos, Mauro C.

Abstract

In this work electrocatalysts based on Pd and Sn nanoparticles supported on Vulcan XC-72 carbon black with a reduced amount of Pd were prepared. We evaluated its electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) in alkaline direct ethanol fuel cells (ADEFCs). The electrocatalysts were synthesized in different Pd:Sn mass ratios (1:3, 1:1, 3:1 and 1:0) on the carbon containing 20 wt % of metal. The XRD patterns of the electrocatalysts revealed an alloy formation between Pd and Sn, and the electrocatalysts with lowest amount of Pd (Pd1Sn3/Vulcan XC-72) and highest electrochemically active surface area (ECSA) presented best performance in ADEFC experiments with a maximum current density and power density of 152 mA cm-2 and 42 mW cm-2, respectively. Besides the current density three times higher for EOR than that of the pure Pd, the open circuit potential of 939 mV at an operation temperature of 80 °C yielded the higher carbonate production. This behavior can be attributed to the presence of oxophilic Sn species, which improve the ability to remove adsorbed CO. Oxygenated species, vacancies and defects detected in the structure of PdxSny/Vulcan XC-72 catalysts are accounted for their high activity, making them very promising for the application in ADEFC.

Suggested Citation

  • Pinheiro, Victor S. & Souza, Felipe M. & Gentil, Tuani C. & Nascimento, Aline N. & Böhnstedt, Paula & Parreira, Luanna S. & Paz, Edson C. & Hammer, Peter & Sairre, Mirela I. & Batista, Bruno L. & Sant, 2020. "Sn-containing electrocatalysts with a reduced amount of palladium for alkaline direct ethanol fuel cell applications," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 49-63.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:158:y:2020:i:c:p:49-63
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.05.050
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bañuelos, Jennifer A. & Velázquez-Hernández, I. & Guerra-Balcázar, M. & Arjona, N., 2018. "Production, characterization and evaluation of the energetic capability of bioethanol from Salicornia Bigelovii as a renewable energy source," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 125-134.
    2. Badwal, S.P.S. & Giddey, S. & Kulkarni, A. & Goel, J. & Basu, S., 2015. "Direct ethanol fuel cells for transport and stationary applications – A comprehensive review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 80-103.
    3. Souza, Felipe M. & Nandenha, Julio & Oliveira, Vitor H.A. & Paz, Edson C. & Pinheiro, Victor S. & Aveiro, Luci R. & Parreira, Luanna S. & Silva, Júlio C.M. & Batista, Bruno L. & Neto, Almir O. & Santo, 2020. "The effect of support on Pd1Nb1 electrocatalysts for ethanol fuel cells," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 293-306.
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    1. Gentil, Tuani C. & Pinheiro, Victor S. & Souza, Felipe M. & de Araújo, Marcos L. & Mandelli, Dalmo & Batista, Bruno L. & dos Santos, Mauro C., 2021. "Acetol as a high-performance molecule for oxidation in alkaline direct liquid fuel cell," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(P1), pages 37-42.
    2. Mendiburu, Andrés Z. & Lauermann, Carlos H. & Hayashi, Thamy C. & Mariños, Diego J. & Rodrigues da Costa, Roberto Berlini & Coronado, Christian J.R. & Roberts, Justo J. & de Carvalho, João A., 2022. "Ethanol as a renewable biofuel: Combustion characteristics and application in engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).

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