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Assessment of commercial acidic ion-exchange resin for ethyl esters synthesis from Acrocomia aculeata (Macaúba) crude oil

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  • Pasa, Thiago Luiz Belo
  • Souza, Gredson Keiff
  • Diório, Alexandre
  • Arroyo, Pedro Augusto
  • Pereira, Nehemias Curvelo

Abstract

This study aimed to obtain ethyl esters (EEs) from macauba pulp crude oil, using heterogeneous-acid catalyst, varying the temperature of (trans)esterification, ethanol-to-oil molar ratio (MR) and catalyst content. Catalyst Amberlyst 15 characterization showed high concentrations of active sites of 3400 μmol g−1 and a surface area of 31.3 m2 g−1, which associated with the resin macroporous structure. A Central composite rotational design (CCRD) 2³ design and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to analyze the studied variables effects on the EEs production: temperature (80–180 °C), ethanol-to-oil MR (4–14) and catalyst Amberlyst 15 content (1–20 wt%). EEs formed were quantified by gas chromatography, and the RSM showed that the reaction presented EEs yields greater than 85% with a high index selectivity (817.4). The desirability procedure showed, that for both Free fatty acids (FFAs) conversion and EEs yield, the optimum conditions were the same, being 130 °C, ethanol-to-oil MR 9 and 16 wt% of catalyst. The biodiesel obtained was characterized and all the analyzed parameters agreed with the national biofuel-monitoring agency. The process conditions and the characterization of produced EEs showed that macauba crude pulp oil has good potential for biodiesel production using heterogeneous acid-catalyst.

Suggested Citation

  • Pasa, Thiago Luiz Belo & Souza, Gredson Keiff & Diório, Alexandre & Arroyo, Pedro Augusto & Pereira, Nehemias Curvelo, 2020. "Assessment of commercial acidic ion-exchange resin for ethyl esters synthesis from Acrocomia aculeata (Macaúba) crude oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 469-476.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:146:y:2020:i:c:p:469-476
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.025
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lopes, Daniela de Carvalho & Steidle Neto, Antonio José & Mendes, Adriano Aguiar & Pereira, Débora Tamires Vítor, 2013. "Economic feasibility of biodiesel production from Macauba in Brazil," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 819-824.
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    4. Likozar, Blaž & Levec, Janez, 2014. "Transesterification of canola, palm, peanut, soybean and sunflower oil with methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol and tert-butanol to biodiesel: Modelling of chemical equilibrium, reaction kinetics ," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 108-120.
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