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Pumped-storage hydropower plants with underground reservoir: Influence of air pressure on the efficiency of the Francis turbine and energy production

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  • Menéndez, Javier
  • Fernández-Oro, Jesús M.
  • Galdo, Mónica
  • Loredo, Jorge

Abstract

Closed mines can be used as lower reservoirs of Underground Pumped-Storage Hydropower (UPSH) plants. The excavation of ventilation shafts is necessary to allow the exhalation of the trapped air which is displaced during the turbine process. This paper analyzes the influence of air pressure in the lower reservoir due to the energy losses in the ventilation shafts on the overall energy production. Analytical and three-dimensional CFD numerical models (using VOF formulation for two-phase flow) have been developed in order to know the influence of the air pressure on the turbine operation for the first time. The results obtained show that depending on the usual designs of the ventilation system, the pressure inside the reservoir may vary between 0.67 and 42 mH2O. The increase in pressure implies a reduction in the available net head and therefore, the stored energy decreases. The reduction in the generation of electricity could reach up to 62 MWh/cycle (12.5% of the available energy) for an installation of a Francis turbine with a flow rate at full load of 55 m3/s and 214 MW of power with a single air duct of 0.5 m in diameter. Economically, this would imply losses of more than 1.12 M€/year.

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  • Menéndez, Javier & Fernández-Oro, Jesús M. & Galdo, Mónica & Loredo, Jorge, 2019. "Pumped-storage hydropower plants with underground reservoir: Influence of air pressure on the efficiency of the Francis turbine and energy production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 1427-1438.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:143:y:2019:i:c:p:1427-1438
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.099
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Hao & Guo, Pengcheng & Sun, Longgang, 2020. "Transient analysis of a multi-unit pumped storage system during load rejection process," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 34-43.
    2. Menéndez, Javier & Ordónez, Almudena & Fernández-Oro, Jesús M. & Loredo, Jorge & Díaz-Aguado, María B., 2020. "Feasibility analysis of using mine water from abandoned coal mines in Spain for heating and cooling of buildings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1166-1176.
    3. Javier Menéndez & Jesús M. Fernández-Oro & Mónica Galdo & Jorge Loredo, 2020. "Transient Simulation of Underground Pumped Storage Hydropower Plants Operating in Pumping Mode," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-17, April.
    4. Vasileios Kitsikoudis & Pierre Archambeau & Benjamin Dewals & Estanislao Pujades & Philippe Orban & Alain Dassargues & Michel Pirotton & Sebastien Erpicum, 2020. "Underground Pumped-Storage Hydropower (UPSH) at the Martelange Mine (Belgium): Underground Reservoir Hydraulics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-16, July.
    5. Xin Zhou & Yuejin Zhou & Xiaoding Xu & Chunlin Zeng & Chaobin Zhu, 2023. "Hydraulic Characteristics Analysis of Double-Bend Roadway of Abandoned Mine Pumped Storage," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-15, February.
    6. Estanislao Pujades & Philippe Orban & Pierre Archambeau & Vasileios Kitsikoudis & Sebastien Erpicum & Alain Dassargues, 2020. "Underground Pumped-Storage Hydropower (UPSH) at the Martelange Mine (Belgium): Interactions with Groundwater Flow," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-21, May.

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