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Comparison of several methods for effective lipid extraction from wet microalgae using green solvents

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  • de Jesus, Sérgio S.
  • Ferreira, Gabriela F.
  • Moreira, Larissa S.
  • Wolf Maciel, Maria Regina
  • Maciel Filho, Rubens

Abstract

A comparative study of lipid extraction from microalgae was performed using the Soxhlet, Bligh and Dyer, Folch, and Hara and Radin methods, with the green solvents 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) and cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), which have also been used in previously published studies. Extractions were performed with the microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa at 65.71% moisture. The Bligh and Dyer methodology, using the solvents 2-MeTHF:isoamyl alcohol (2:1 v/v) and CPME:methanol (1:1.7 v/v), extracted 95.73 ± 0.52 and 89.35 ± 7.98 mg lipids/g biomass, respectively. Regarding fatty acids yield, CPME showed higher selectivity than 2-MeTHF. A brief cost-effectiveness and energy analysis of the extraction process was performed. Based on the calculations, this study concluded that the energy required for the evaporation of the solvent and mixture of solvents after the extraction process has no significant economic impact; the largest expense is associated with solvent consumption. To extract 1 kg of fatty acids, the Hara and Radin method using hexane:isopropanol (3:2 v/v) proved to be the most cost-effective. Results show that these solvents prices’ are still not competitive when compared to fossil-based solvents. The price reduction of 2-MeTHF would make it more attractive than CPME, as it requires a lower amount of biomass.

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  • de Jesus, Sérgio S. & Ferreira, Gabriela F. & Moreira, Larissa S. & Wolf Maciel, Maria Regina & Maciel Filho, Rubens, 2019. "Comparison of several methods for effective lipid extraction from wet microalgae using green solvents," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 130-141.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:143:y:2019:i:c:p:130-141
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.168
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    1. Florentino de Souza Silva, Anna Patrícya & Costa, Mayara Carantino & Colzi Lopes, Alexandre & Fares Abdala Neto, Eliezer & Carrhá Leitão, Renato & Mota, César Rossas & Bezerra dos Santos, André, 2014. "Comparison of pretreatment methods for total lipids extraction from mixed microalgae," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 762-766.
    2. Liu, Chun-Zhao & Zheng, Sen & Xu, Ling & Wang, Feng & Guo, Chen, 2013. "Algal oil extraction from wet biomass of Botryococcus braunii by 1,2-dimethoxyethane," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 971-974.
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    1. de Jesus, Sérgio S. & Ferreira, Gabriela F. & Moreira, Larissa S. & Filho, Rubens Maciel, 2020. "Biodiesel production from microalgae by direct transesterification using green solvents," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 1283-1294.
    2. Park, Ji-Yeon & Kim, Min-Cheol & Cheng, Jun & Yang, Weijuan & Kim, Deog-Keun, 2020. "Extraction of microalgal oil from Nannochloropsis oceanica by potassium hydroxide-assisted solvent extraction for heterogeneous transesterification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 2056-2065.
    3. de Jesus, Sérgio S. & Filho, Rubens Maciel, 2020. "Recent advances in lipid extraction using green solvents," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 133(C).
    4. Vasistha, S. & Khanra, A. & Clifford, M. & Rai, M.P., 2021. "Current advances in microalgae harvesting and lipid extraction processes for improved biodiesel production: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    5. Muhammad Usman & Shuo Cheng & Sasipa Boonyubol & Jeffrey S. Cross, 2023. "Evaluating Green Solvents for Bio-Oil Extraction: Advancements, Challenges, and Future Perspectives," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(15), pages 1-45, August.
    6. Binhweel, Fozy & Pyar, Hassan & Senusi, Wardah & Shaah, Marwan Abdulhakim & Hossain, Md Sohrab & Ahmad, Mardiana Idayu, 2023. "Utilization of marine ulva lactuca seaweed and freshwater azolla filiculoides macroalgae feedstocks toward biodiesel production: Kinetics, thermodynamics, and optimization studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 717-730.

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