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Multi-objective optimization of waste and resource management in industrial networks – Part II: Model application to the treatment of sewage sludge

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  • Vadenbo, Carl
  • Guillén-Gosálbez, Gonzalo
  • Saner, Dominik
  • Hellweg, Stefanie

Abstract

In the present article, the thermal treatment of digested sewage sludge generated in the Swiss region of Zürich is modeled and optimized from an environmental perspective. The optimization problem is solved using a multi-objective mixed-integer linear program that combines material flow analysis, process models, life cycle assessment (LCA), and mathematical optimization techniques. The treatment options include co-incineration in municipal solid waste incineration, co-processing in cement production, and mono-incineration with the prospect of phosphorus recovery. The model is optimized according to six environmental objectives. Five of the six single-objective optimal solutions involve splits over the treatment options. The results reflect the available treatment capacities and other constraints, aspects rarely considered in conventional LCA studies. Co-processing in cement production is used to the maximum extent possible when minimizing impacts on climate change, human toxicity, fossil resource depletion, and fully aggregated impacts (ReCiPe H/A), whereas mono-incineration with phosphorus recovery receives the bulk of the sludge when optimizing for ecotoxicity and mineral resource depletion. Four of the single-objective optimal solutions (minimization of fossil energy resource depletion and contribution to climate change, human toxicity, and fully aggregated impacts) outperform the reference case over the six impact categories considered, showing that the current situation can be improved in some environmental categories without compromising others. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that assumptions regarding the product systems displaced by recovered by-products are critical for the outcome of the optimization. Our approach identifies in all of the cases solutions in which significant environmental improvements can be attained.

Suggested Citation

  • Vadenbo, Carl & Guillén-Gosálbez, Gonzalo & Saner, Dominik & Hellweg, Stefanie, 2014. "Multi-objective optimization of waste and resource management in industrial networks – Part II: Model application to the treatment of sewage sludge," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 41-51.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:recore:v:89:y:2014:i:c:p:41-51
    DOI: 10.1016/j.resconrec.2014.05.009
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Dana Cordell & Stuart White, 2011. "Peak Phosphorus: Clarifying the Key Issues of a Vigorous Debate about Long-Term Phosphorus Security," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 3(10), pages 1-23, October.
    2. Vadenbo, Carl & Hellweg, Stefanie & Guillén-Gosálbez, Gonzalo, 2014. "Multi-objective optimization of waste and resource management in industrial networks – Part I: Model description," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 52-63.
    3. Linderholm, Kersti & Tillman, Anne-Marie & Mattsson, Jan Erik, 2012. "Life cycle assessment of phosphorus alternatives for Swedish agriculture," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 27-39.
    4. Caroline Sablayrolles & Benoît Gabrielle & Mireille Montrejaud‐Vignoles, 2010. "Life Cycle Assessment of Biosolids Land Application and Evaluation of the Factors Impacting Human Toxicity through Plant Uptake," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 14(2), pages 231-241, March.
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    1. De Meyer, Annelies & Cattrysse, Dirk & Ostermeyer, Pieter & Van Orshoven, Jos, 2016. "Implementation of OPTIMASS to optimise municipal wastewater sludge processing chains: Proof of concept," Resources, Conservation & Recycling, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 168-178.

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