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Statistical investigation for developing a new model for rheological behavior of ZnO–Ag (50%–50%)/Water hybrid Newtonian nanofluid using experimental data

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  • Ruhani, Behrooz
  • Toghraie, Davood
  • Hekmatifar, Maboud
  • Hadian, Mahdieh

Abstract

In this paper, the test results, along with the results of data analysis, are presented by graphs and tables. The effect of volume fraction and temperature on viscosity of a hybrid nanofluid, i.e. ZnO–Ag (50%–50%)-Water, is presented. Finally, a model for calculating nanofluid’s viscosity is based on available data was proposed. The results show that the dynamic viscosity decreases with increasing temperature and increases with increasing volume fraction of nanoparticles. Also, an increase in volume fraction at all temperatures is associated with an increase in relative viscosity. This increase was reported modest and linear in very low volume fractions. The margin of deviation between laboratory results and extracted experimental equations is equal to 1.8%.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruhani, Behrooz & Toghraie, Davood & Hekmatifar, Maboud & Hadian, Mahdieh, 2019. "Statistical investigation for developing a new model for rheological behavior of ZnO–Ag (50%–50%)/Water hybrid Newtonian nanofluid using experimental data," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 525(C), pages 741-751.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:525:y:2019:i:c:p:741-751
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2019.03.118
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Hemmat Esfe, Mohammad & Hajmohammad, Hadi & Toghraie, Davood & Rostamian, Hadi & Mahian, Omid & Wongwises, Somchai, 2017. "Multi-objective optimization of nanofluid flow in double tube heat exchangers for applications in energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 160-171.
    2. Murshed, S.M. Sohel & Estellé, Patrice, 2017. "A state of the art review on viscosity of nanofluids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 1134-1152.
    3. Karimipour, Arash & Hemmat Esfe, Mohammad & Safaei, Mohammad Reza & Toghraie Semiromi, Davood & Jafari, Saeed & Kazi, S.N., 2014. "Mixed convection of copper–water nanofluid in a shallow inclined lid driven cavity using the lattice Boltzmann method," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 402(C), pages 150-168.
    4. Hemmat Esfe, Mohammad & Abbasian Arani, Ali Akbar & Esfandeh, Saeed & Afrand, Masoud, 2019. "Proposing new hybrid nano-engine oil for lubrication of internal combustion engines: Preventing cold start engine damages and saving energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 228-238.
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