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Not minding the gap: Does ride-hailing serve transit deserts?

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  • Barajas, Jesus M.
  • Brown, Anne

Abstract

Transit has long connected people to opportunities but access to transit varies greatly across space. In some cases, unevenly distributed transit supply creates gaps in service that impede travelers' abilities to cross space and access jobs or other opportunities. With the advent of ride-hailing services like Uber and Lyft, however, travelers now have a new potential to gain automobility without high car purchase costs and in the absence of reliable transit service. Research remains mixed on whether ride-hailing serves as a modal complement or substitute to transit or whether ride-hailing fills transit service needs gaps. This study measures transit supply in Chicago and compares it to ride-hailing origins and destinations to examine if ride-hailing fills existing transit service gaps. Findings reveal clustering of ride-hailing pickups and drop-offs across the City of Chicago, but that the number of ride-hailing pickups and drop-offs was most strongly associated with high neighborhood median household income rather than measures of transit supply. In bivariate analyses, transit service was not associated with ride-hailing trip ends. But after controlling for neighborhood socioeconomic status, transit dependency, population density, and employment density, we found fewer ride-hailing trips in neighborhoods where bus service dominated and significantly more ride-hailing trips where rail service was prevalent. Patterns were slightly different for overnight weekend ride-hailing pick-ups, where higher transit density predicted a greater number of trips in nearby tracts. Additional research and policy is needed to ensure that ride-hailing services provide travel options to those who need them the most and fill transit gaps in low-income communities when options to increase service are limited.

Suggested Citation

  • Barajas, Jesus M. & Brown, Anne, 2021. "Not minding the gap: Does ride-hailing serve transit deserts?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:90:y:2021:i:c:s0966692320309959
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102918
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    6. Giller, James & Compostella, Junia & Iogansen, Xiatian & Young, Mischa & Circella, Giovanni, 2024. "Barriers to Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Transportation Part 1: Support to the Clean Miles Standard Policy Making," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt1x6982gf, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    7. Brown, Anne, 2022. "Not all fees are created equal: Equity implications of ride-hail fee structures and revenues," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 1-10.
    8. Abdelwahab, Bilal & Palm, Matthew & Shalaby, Amer & Farber, Steven, 2021. "Evaluating the equity implications of ridehailing through a multi-modal accessibility framework," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    9. Ghimire, Subid & Bardaka, Eleni & Monast, Kai & Wang, Juan & Wright, Waugh, 2024. "Policy, management, and operation practices in U.S. microtransit systems," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 259-278.
    10. Barbour, Elisa & Alvarez-Coria, Rosanely & Anderson, Hayden & Hosseinzade, Rey & Turner, Katherine & Handy, Susan, 2023. "Barriers to Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Transportation Part 3: The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Travel Patterns," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt5q0076tq, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    11. Liao, Yuan, 2021. "Ride-sourcing compared to its public-transit alternative using big trip data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 95(C).
    12. Shiva Pourfalatoun & Jubaer Ahmed & Erika E. Miller, 2023. "Shared Electric Scooter Users and Non-Users: Perceptions on Safety, Adoption and Risk," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-15, June.
    13. Maria Vega-Gonzalo & Álvaro Aguilera-García & Juan Gomez & José Manuel Vassallo, 2024. "Traditional taxi, e-hailing or ride-hailing? A GSEM approach to exploring service adoption patterns," Transportation, Springer, vol. 51(4), pages 1239-1278, August.
    14. Mason Dyana P. & Menard Miranda, 2022. "Accessibility of Nonprofit Services: Transportation Network Companies and Client Mobility," Nonprofit Policy Forum, De Gruyter, vol. 13(4), pages 333-343, October.
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    17. Sweet, Matthias N. & Scott, Darren M., 2021. "Shared mobility adoption from 2016 to 2018 in the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area: Demographic or geographic diffusion?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).

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