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Public transport and school location impacts on educational inequalities: Insights from São Paulo

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  • Moreno-Monroy, Ana I.
  • Lovelace, Robin
  • Ramos, Frederico R.

Abstract

In many large Latin American urban areas such as the São Paulo Metropolitan Region (SPMR), growing social and economic inequalities are embedded through high spatial inequality in the provision of state schools and affordable public transport to these schools. This paper sheds light on the transport-education inequality nexus with reference to school accessibility by public transport in the SPMR. To assess school accessibility, we develop an accessibility index which combines information on the spatial distribution of adolescents, the location of existing schools, and the public transport provision serving the school catchment area into a single measure. The index is used to measure school accessibility locally across 633 areas within the SPMR. We use the index to simulate the impact of a policy aiming at increasing the centralisation of public secondary education provision, and find that it negatively affects public transport accessibility for students with the lowest levels of accessibility. These results illustrate how existing inequalities can be amplified by variable accessibility to schools across income groups and geographical space. The research suggests that educational inequality impacts of school agglomeration policies should be considered before centralisation takes place.

Suggested Citation

  • Moreno-Monroy, Ana I. & Lovelace, Robin & Ramos, Frederico R., 2018. "Public transport and school location impacts on educational inequalities: Insights from São Paulo," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 110-118.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:67:y:2018:i:c:p:110-118
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.08.012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Tiznado-Aitken, Ignacio & Muñoz, Juan Carlos & Hurtubia, Ricardo, 2021. "Public transport accessibility accounting for level of service and competition for urban opportunities: An equity analysis for education in Santiago de Chile," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    2. Uzma Ahmad & Steven McIntosh & Gurleen Popli, 2022. "Selection and performance in post‐compulsory education," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 26(1), pages 3-31, February.
    3. Pizzol, Bruna & Giannotti, Mariana & Tomasiello, Diego Bogado, 2021. "Qualifying accessibility to education to investigate spatial equity," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    4. Rüttenauer, Tobias, 2024. "Spatial Data Analysis," SocArXiv mq7te_v1, Center for Open Science.
    5. Feng, Rui & Zhang, Jin & Wu, Yuelong & Wu, Ruibo & Yao, Baozhen, 2023. "School accessibility evaluation under mixed-load school bus routing problem strategies," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 75-86.
    6. Hu, Lirong & He, Shenjing & Luo, Yun & Su, Shiliang & Xin, Jing & Weng, Min, 2020. "A social-media-based approach to assessing the effectiveness of equitable housing policy in mitigating education accessibility induced social inequalities in Shanghai, China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    7. Slovic, Anne Dorothée & Tomasiello, Diego Bogado & Giannotti, Mariana & Andrade, Maria de Fatima & Nardocci, Adelaide C., 2019. "The long road to achieving equity: Job accessibility restrictions and overlapping inequalities in the city of São Paulo," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 181-193.
    8. Qiya Huang & Xijuan Cui & Libang Ma, 2023. "The Equity of Basic Educational Facilities from the Perspective of Space," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-16, August.
    9. Bittencourt, Tainá A. & Giannotti, Mariana, 2023. "Evaluating the accessibility and availability of public services to reduce inequalities in everyday mobility," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 177(C).
    10. Hazans, Mihails & Holmen, Rasmus Bøgh & Upenieks, Jānis & Žabko, Oksana, 2024. "Regional inequalities in access to STEM-oriented secondary education in Latvia," MPRA Paper 120646, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    11. Rüttenauer, Tobias, 2023. "Spatial Data Analysis," SocArXiv mq7te, Center for Open Science.
    12. Chan, Ho-Yin & Xu, Yingying & Wang, Zhuowei & Chen, Anthony, 2024. "The deeper and wider social impacts of transportation infrastructure: From travel experience to sense of place and academic performance," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 51-63.
    13. Zhenbao Wang & Dong Liu & Shihao Li & Shuyue Liu & Huiqing Li & Ning Chen, 2023. "Analyzing the Impact of Decreasing Out-of-Vehicle Time of Public Transportation Travel on Accessibility to Tertiary Hospitals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(16), pages 1-20, August.
    14. Rajat Verma & Mithun Debnath & Shagun Mittal & Satish V. Ukkusuri, 2024. "Towards a generalized accessibility measure for transportation equity and efficiency," Papers 2404.04985, arXiv.org.
    15. Ramírez-Hassan, Andrés & García, Gustavo A. & Saravia, Estefanía & Duque, Juan Fernando & Londoño, Daniel, 2023. "What kind of schools parents choose when they have more options? Effects of school transport subsidies," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 87(PA).
    16. Humberto, Mateus & Moura, Filipe & Giannotti, Mariana, 2021. "Can outdoor activities and inquiry sessions change the travel behavior of children and their caregivers? Empirical research in public preschools in São Paulo (Brazil)," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    17. Sharma, Gajanand & Patil, Gopal R., 2021. "Public transit accessibility approach to understand the equity for public healthcare services: A case study of Greater Mumbai," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    18. Rüttenauer, Tobias, 2024. "Spatial Data Analysis," SocArXiv mq7te_v2, Center for Open Science.
    19. Tobias Ruttenauer, 2024. "Spatial Data Analysis," Papers 2402.09895, arXiv.org, revised Mar 2025.
    20. Mostafa Ghodousi & Abolghasem Sadeghi-Niaraki & Farzaneh Rabiee & Soo-Mi Choi, 2020. "Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Point Distribution Pattern of Schools Using Spatial Autocorrelation Indices in Bojnourd City," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-26, September.
    21. Barboza, Matheus H.C. & Carneiro, Mariana S. & Falavigna, Claudio & Luz, Gregório & Orrico, Romulo, 2021. "Balancing time: Using a new accessibility measure in Rio de Janeiro," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    22. Vivas, H. & Rodríguez, D. A. & Sisto, N., 2021. "Disparidad espacial en la accesibilidad a los servicios de salud hospitalarios en Cali, Colombia," Documentos de trabajo - Alianza EFI 19591, Alianza EFI.
    23. Daqing Zu & Kang Cao & Jian Xu, 2021. "The Impacts of Transportation Sustainability on Higher Education in China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-17, November.

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