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Green accessibility: Estimating the environmental costs of network-time prisms for sustainable transportation planning

Author

Listed:
  • Song, Ying
  • Miller, Harvey J.
  • Stempihar, Jeff
  • Zhou, Xuesong

Abstract

Accessibility, or the ease to participate in activities and obtain resources in a given environment, is crucial for evaluating transportation systems. Greater accessibility is often achieved by increasing individuals' potential mobility. However, potential mobility, if realized by motorized modes, can also generate negative environmental impacts such as fossil fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While the negative environmental impacts of greater mobility are acknowledged, there has been a lack of research to validate those impacts using empirical data, especially considering variations in individuals' mobility levels. This paper presents a method for estimating the expected environmental costs of accessibility represented by a network-time prism (NTP). A NTP delimits all accessible locations within a network and the available time for an individual to present at each location given a scheduled trip origin and destination, a time budget and the maximum achievable speeds along network edges. Estimating the expected environmental costs of a NTP involves three steps: (1) semi-Markov techniques to simulate the probabilities to move along network edges at given times; (2) the speed profiles for reachable edges, and (3) a cost function that translates speeds into environmental impacts. We focus on air quality and employ the motor vehicle emission simulator MOVESLite to estimate the CO2 emissions at both the edge and prism levels. We calibrate and validate the methods for experimental NTPs defined within the Phoenix, AZ, USA road and highway network using vehicles instrumented with GPS-enabled onboard diagnostic devices (OBD). We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method through two scenarios and investigate the impact of changes in mobility levels on the expected CO2 emissions associated with the experimental NTPs.

Suggested Citation

  • Song, Ying & Miller, Harvey J. & Stempihar, Jeff & Zhou, Xuesong, 2017. "Green accessibility: Estimating the environmental costs of network-time prisms for sustainable transportation planning," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 109-119.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:64:y:2017:i:c:p:109-119
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2017.08.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Hao Wu & David Levinson, 2020. "Unifying Access," Working Papers 2022-01, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    2. David Levinson & Hao Wu, 2020. "Towards a general theory of access," Working Papers 2022-01, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    3. Wenyuan Gao & Chuyun Zhao & Yu Zeng & Jinjun Tang, 2024. "Exploring the Spatio-Temporally Heterogeneous Impact of Traffic Network Structure on Ride-Hailing Emissions Using Shenzhen, China, as a Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-31, May.
    4. Xin Feng & Shaohua Wang & Alan T Murray & Yuanpei Cao & Song Gao, 2021. "Multi-objective trajectory optimization in planning for sequential activities across space and through time," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 48(4), pages 945-963, May.

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