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Permutation Tests for Reflected Symmetry

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  • Neuhaus, Georg
  • Zhu, Li-Xing

Abstract

The paper presents a permutation procedure for testing reflected (or diagonal) symmetry of the distribution of a multivariate variable. The test statistics are based in empirical characteristic functions. The resulting permutation tests are strictly distribution free under the null hypothesis that the underlying variables are symmetrically distributed about a center. Furthermore, the permutation tests are strictly valid if the symmetric center is known and are asymptotic valid if the center is an unknown point. The equivalence, in the large sample sense, between the tests and their permutation counterparts are established. The power behavior of the tests and their permutation counterparts under local alternative are investigated. Some simulations with small sample sizes ([less-than-or-equals, slant]20) are conducted to demonstrate how the permutation tests works.

Suggested Citation

  • Neuhaus, Georg & Zhu, Li-Xing, 1998. "Permutation Tests for Reflected Symmetry," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 67(2), pages 129-153, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:67:y:1998:i:2:p:129-153
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Baringhaus, L. & Henze, N., 1991. "Limit distributions for measures of multivariate skewness and kurtosis based on projections," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 51-69, July.
    2. Fang, K. T. & Zhu, L. X. & Bentler, P. M., 1993. "A Necessary Test of Goodness of Fit for Sphericity," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 45(1), pages 34-55, April.
    3. Heathcote, C. R. & Rachev, S. T. & Cheng, B., 1995. "Testing Multivariate Symmetry," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 54(1), pages 91-112, July.
    4. David Blough, 1989. "Multivariate symmetry via projection pursuit," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 41(3), pages 461-475, September.
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    1. Christian Genest & Johanna Nešlehová, 2014. "On tests of radial symmetry for bivariate copulas," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 55(4), pages 1107-1119, November.
    2. Henze, N. & Klar, B. & Meintanis, S. G., 2003. "Invariant tests for symmetry about an unspecified point based on the empirical characteristic function," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 275-297, November.
    3. M. D. Jiménez-Gamero & J. L. Moreno-Rebollo & J. A. Mayor-Gallego, 2018. "On the estimation of the characteristic function in finite populations with applications," TEST: An Official Journal of the Spanish Society of Statistics and Operations Research, Springer;Sociedad de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, vol. 27(1), pages 95-121, March.
    4. Dai, Xinjie & Niu, Cuizhen & Guo, Xu, 2018. "Testing for central symmetry and inference of the unknown center," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 15-31.
    5. Niu, Cuizhen & Guo, Xu & Li, Yong & Zhu, Lixing, 2018. "Pairwise distance-based tests for conditional symmetry," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 145-162.
    6. Zhu, Lixing & Zhu, Ruoqing & Song, Song, 2008. "Diagnostic checking for multivariate regression models," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 99(9), pages 1841-1859, October.
    7. O‐Chia Chuang & Xiaojun Song & Abderrahim Taamouti, 2022. "Testing for Asymmetric Comovements," Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, Department of Economics, University of Oxford, vol. 84(5), pages 1153-1180, October.
    8. Rainer Dyckerhoff & Christophe Ley & Davy Paindaveine, 2015. "Depth-based runs tests for bivariate central symmetry," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 67(5), pages 917-941, October.
    9. Norbert Henze & Celeste Mayer, 2020. "More good news on the HKM test for multivariate reflected symmetry about an unknown centre," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 72(3), pages 741-770, June.
    10. James S. Allison & Charl Pretorius, 2017. "A Monte Carlo evaluation of the performance of two new tests for symmetry," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 32(4), pages 1323-1338, December.
    11. Ricardo Fraiman & Leonardo Moreno & Sebastian Vallejo, 2017. "Some hypothesis tests based on random projection," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 32(3), pages 1165-1189, September.
    12. Rainer Dyckerhoff & Christophe Ley & Davy Paindaveine, 2014. "Depth-Based Runs Tests for bivariate Central Symmetry," Working Papers ECARES ECARES 2014-03, ULB -- Universite Libre de Bruxelles.
    13. Xuehu Zhu & Xu Guo & Lu Lin & Lixing Zhu, 2016. "Testing for positive expectation dependence," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 68(1), pages 135-153, February.
    14. Sangyeol Lee & Simos G. Meintanis & Minyoung Jo, 2019. "Inferential procedures based on the integrated empirical characteristic function," AStA Advances in Statistical Analysis, Springer;German Statistical Society, vol. 103(3), pages 357-386, September.
    15. Meintanis, Simos G. & Ushakov, Nikolai G., 2016. "Nonparametric probability weighted empirical characteristic function and applications," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 52-61.

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