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The demand for Divisia Money: Theory and evidence

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  • Belongia, Michael T.
  • Ireland, Peter N.

Abstract

A money-in-the-utility function model is extended to capture the distinct roles of noninterest-earning currency and interest-earning deposits in providing liquidity services to households. It implies the existence of a stable money demand relationship that links a Divisia monetary aggregate to consumption as a scale variable and the associated Divisia user-cost dual as an opportunity cost measure. Cointegrating money demand equations of this form appear for the Divisia M2 and MZM aggregates in quarterly United States data spanning the period from 1967:1 through 2019:1. The identification of a stable money demand function over a period that includes the financial innovations of the 1980s and continues through the recent financial crisis and Great Recession suggests that a properly measured aggregate quantity of money can play a role in the conduct of monetary policy. That role can be of greater prominence when traditional interest rate policies are constrained by the zero lower bound.

Suggested Citation

  • Belongia, Michael T. & Ireland, Peter N., 2019. "The demand for Divisia Money: Theory and evidence," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 1-1.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmacro:v:61:y:2019:i:c:5
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmacro.2019.103128
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    Cited by:

    1. Michael D. Bordo & John V. Duca, 2023. "Broad Divisia Money and the Recovery of U.S. Nominal GDP from the COVID-19 Recession," Working Papers 319, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    2. Michael T. Belongia & Peter N. Ireland, 2021. "A Classical View of the Business Cycle," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 53(2-3), pages 333-366, March.
    3. Hetzel, Robert, 2023. "What Is the Monetary Standard? The Fed Should Tell Us," Working Papers 12441, George Mason University, Mercatus Center.
    4. El-Shagi, Makram & Tochkov, Kiril, 2022. "Divisia monetary aggregates for Russia: Money demand, GDP nowcasting and the price puzzle," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 46(4).
    5. Belongia, Michael T. & Ireland, Peter N., 2022. "A reconsideration of money growth rules," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    6. Benchimol, Jonathan & Qureshi, Irfan, 2020. "Time-varying money demand and real balance effects," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 197-211.
    7. Benati, Luca & Lucas, Robert E. & Nicolini, Juan Pablo & Weber, Warren, 2021. "International evidence on long-run money demand," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 43-63.
    8. Barnett William A. & Park Sohee, 2024. "Welfare cost of inflation, when credit card transaction services are included among monetary services," Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics & Econometrics, De Gruyter, vol. 28(3), pages 463-479.
    9. Lee, Seungyoon & Park, Jongwook, 2022. "Identifying monetary policy shocks using economic forecasts in Korea," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    10. Masudul Hasan Adil & Rafiq Hussain & Adelajda Matuka, 2022. "Interest rate sensitivity of demand for money and effectiveness of monetary policy: fresh evidence from combined cointegration test and ARDL approach," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 2(7), pages 1-24, July.
    11. Luca Benati, Juan-Pablo Nicolini, 2024. "The Welfare Costs of Inflation Reconsidered," Diskussionsschriften dp2408, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.
    12. Barnett, William A. & Ghosh, Taniya & Adil, Masudul Hasan, 2022. "Is money demand really unstable? Evidence from Divisia monetary aggregates," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 606-622.
    13. Barlow, David, 2023. "The stability of UK households Divisia money balances," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 451-459.
    14. Lebre DE Freitas, Miguel, 2022. "International currency substitution and the demand for money in the euro area," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    15. Augustine Ujunwa & Emmanuel Onah & Angela Ifeanyi Ujunwa & Chinwe R Okoyeuzu & Ebere Ume Kalu, 2022. "Financial innovation and the stability of money demand in Nigeria," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 34(2), pages 215-231, June.
    16. Lee-Chea Hiew & Chin-Hong Puah & Mohammad Affendy Arip & Mei-Teing Chong, 2019. "Role of Advertising Expenditure as an Influential Non-traditional Regressor in Russia¡¯s Money Demand Specification," International Journal of Financial Research, International Journal of Financial Research, Sciedu Press, vol. 10(6), pages 232-240, October.
    17. Liu, Jinan & Dery, Cosmas & Serletis, Apostolos, 2020. "Recent monetary policy and the credit card-augmented Divisia monetary aggregates," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    18. Michael D. Bordo & John V. Duca, 2023. "Money Matters: Broad Divisia Money and the Recovery of Nominal GDP from the COVID-19 Recession," Working Papers 2306, Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas.
    19. Chen, Zhengyang & Valcarcel, Victor J., 2021. "Monetary transmission in money markets: The not-so-elusive missing piece of the puzzle," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 131(C).
    20. Serletis, Apostolos & Xu, Libo, 2023. "Consumer preferences, the demand for Divisia money, and the welfare costs of inflation," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    21. Mehmet Ezer, 2019. "Do Monetary Aggregates Belong In A Monetary Model? Evidence From The Uk," Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, Bank Indonesia, vol. 22(4), pages 509-530, December.
    22. Chen, Zhengyang & Valcarcel, Victor J., 2024. "A granular investigation on the stability of money demand," EconStor Open Access Articles and Book Chapters, ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics, issue FirstView, pages 1-26.
    23. Bian, Wenlong & Ji, Yang & Wang, Peng, 2021. "The crowding-out effect of central bank digital currencies: A simple and generalizable payment portfolio model," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    24. Luca Benati & Juan-Pablo Nicolini, 2019. "The Welfare Costs of Inflation," Diskussionsschriften dp1911, Universitaet Bern, Departement Volkswirtschaft.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Divisia monetary aggregates; Money demand; Money-in-the-utility function;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C43 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods: Special Topics - - - Index Numbers and Aggregation
    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money

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