IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jbrese/v141y2022icp337-354.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

What makes an object smart? Conceptualization, development, and validation of a scale to measure the Smartness of a Thing (SoT)

Author

Listed:
  • Rokonuzzaman, Md
  • Kim, Kyoungmi (Kate)
  • Dugar, Kranti Kumar
  • Fox, Jennine

Abstract

Although there is a growing interest in understanding smart objects, there is no consensus on the conceptualization of smart objects/things in the extant literature. In this paper, we focus on the smart objects/things that make up the larger system known as the Internet of Things (IoT) and measure the smartness of an object from the consumer perspective. We propose the Smartness of a Thing (SoT) as a multidimensional construct consisting of ten dimensions. Across a series of studies, we confirm the validity and reliability of our proposed SoT scale. Multiple validity tests suggest that our SoT scale can be applied to a wide range of research settings and contexts. For managerial application, we suggest a way of creating an index of a SoT score for a specific object. We also provide theoretical and managerial implications of this research.

Suggested Citation

  • Rokonuzzaman, Md & Kim, Kyoungmi (Kate) & Dugar, Kranti Kumar & Fox, Jennine, 2022. "What makes an object smart? Conceptualization, development, and validation of a scale to measure the Smartness of a Thing (SoT)," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 337-354.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:141:y:2022:i:c:p:337-354
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.040
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014829632100847X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.040?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Manis, Kerry T. & Choi, Danny, 2019. "The virtual reality hardware acceptance model (VR-HAM): Extending and individuating the technology acceptance model (TAM) for virtual reality hardware," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 503-513.
    2. Verhoef, Peter C. & Lemon, Katherine N. & Parasuraman, A. & Roggeveen, Anne & Tsiros, Michael & Schlesinger, Leonard A., 2009. "Customer Experience Creation: Determinants, Dynamics and Management Strategies," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 85(1), pages 31-41.
    3. Mukherjee, Amaradri & Smith, Ronn J. & Turri, Anna M., 2018. "The smartness paradox: the moderating effect of brand quality reputation on consumers' reactions to RFID-based smart fitting rooms," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 92(C), pages 290-299.
    4. J.J. Brakus & B.H. Schmitt & L. Zarantonello, 2009. "Brand Experience: What Is It? How Do We Measure It? And Does It Affect Loyalty?," Post-Print hal-00799102, HAL.
    5. Tourky, Marwa & Kitchen, Philip & Shaalan, Ahmed, 2020. "The role of corporate identity in CSR implementation: An integrative framework," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 694-706.
    6. Verhoef, Peter C. & Stephen, Andrew T. & Kannan, P.K. & Luo, Xueming & Abhishek, Vibhanshu & Andrews, Michelle & Bart, Yakov & Datta, Hannes & Fong, Nathan & Hoffman, Donna L. & Hu, Mandy Mantian & No, 2017. "Consumer Connectivity in a Complex, Technology-enabled, and Mobile-oriented World with Smart Products," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 40(C), pages 1-8.
    7. Tomás Sánchez López & Damith Chinthana Ranasinghe & Bela Patkai & Duncan McFarlane, 2011. "Taxonomy, technology and applications of smart objects," Information Systems Frontiers, Springer, vol. 13(2), pages 281-300, April.
    8. Pappas, Nikolaos & Caputo, Andrea & Pellegrini, Massimiliano Matteo & Marzi, Giacomo & Michopoulou, Eleni, 2021. "The complexity of decision-making processes and IoT adoption in accommodation SMEs," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 573-583.
    9. Linda D. Hollebeek & Rajendra K. Srivastava & Tom Chen, 2019. "S-D logic–informed customer engagement: integrative framework, revised fundamental propositions, and application to CRM," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 47(1), pages 161-185, January.
    10. Veryzer, Robert W, Jr & Hutchinson, J Wesley, 1998. "The Influence of Unity and Prototypicality on Aesthetic Responses to New Product Designs," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 24(4), pages 374-394, March.
    11. Inès Chouk & Zied Mani, 2017. "Drivers of consumers’ resistance to smart products," Post-Print hal-02980400, HAL.
    12. Lee, Seunghyun & Ha, Sejin & Widdows, Richard, 2011. "Consumer responses to high-technology products: Product attributes, cognition, and emotions," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 64(11), pages 1195-1200.
    13. Ajzen, Icek, 1991. "The theory of planned behavior," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 50(2), pages 179-211, December.
    14. Thomas P. Novak & Donna L. Hoffman, 2019. "Relationship journeys in the internet of things: a new framework for understanding interactions between consumers and smart objects," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 47(2), pages 216-237, March.
    15. Manjit S. Yadav & Paul A. Pavlou, 2020. "Technology-enabled interactions in digital environments:a conceptual foundation for current and future research," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 48(1), pages 132-136, January.
    16. Pankaj Aggarwal & Ann L. McGill, 2007. "Is That Car Smiling at Me? Schema Congruity as a Basis for Evaluating Anthropomorphized Products," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 34(4), pages 468-479, June.
    17. Lars Bergkvist & Martin Eisend, 2021. "The dynamic nature of marketing constructs," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 49(3), pages 521-541, May.
    18. Gunasekaran, Angappa & Papadopoulos, Thanos & Dubey, Rameshwar & Wamba, Samuel Fosso & Childe, Stephen J. & Hazen, Benjamin & Akter, Shahriar, 2017. "Big data and predictive analytics for supply chain and organizational performance," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 308-317.
    19. Fernandes, Teresa & Oliveira, Elisabete, 2021. "Understanding consumers’ acceptance of automated technologies in service encounters: Drivers of digital voice assistants adoption," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 180-191.
    20. Herbert Dawid & Reinhold Decker & Thomas Hermann & Hermann Jahnke & Wilhelm Klat & Rolf König & Christian Stummer, 2017. "Management science in the era of smart consumer products: challenges and research perspectives," Central European Journal of Operations Research, Springer;Slovak Society for Operations Research;Hungarian Operational Research Society;Czech Society for Operations Research;Österr. Gesellschaft für Operations Research (ÖGOR);Slovenian Society Informatika - Section for Operational Research;Croatian Operational Research Society, vol. 25(1), pages 203-230, March.
    21. Gregory Hancock, 2001. "Effect size, power, and sample size determination for structured means modeling and mimic approaches to between-groups hypothesis testing of means on a single latent construct," Psychometrika, Springer;The Psychometric Society, vol. 66(3), pages 373-388, September.
    22. Hoch, Stephen J, 2002. "Product Experience Is Seductive," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 29(3), pages 448-454, December.
    23. Stephen L. Vargo & Robert F. Lusch, 2016. "Institutions and axioms: an extension and update of service-dominant logic," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 44(1), pages 5-23, January.
    24. Donna L Hoffman & Thomas P Novak & Eileen FischerEditor & Robert KozinetsAssociate Editor, 2018. "Consumer and Object Experience in the Internet of Things: An Assemblage Theory Approach," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 44(6), pages 1178-1204.
    25. Rijsdijk, S.A. & Hultink, E.J. & Diamantopoulos, A., 2007. "Product Intelligence: Its Conceptualization, Measurement and Impact on Consumer Satisfaction," ERIM Report Series Research in Management ERS-2007-006-ORG, Erasmus Research Institute of Management (ERIM), ERIM is the joint research institute of the Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University and the Erasmus School of Economics (ESE) at Erasmus University Rotterdam.
    26. Henkens, Bieke & Verleye, Katrien & Larivière, Bart, 2021. "The smarter, the better?! Customer well-being, engagement, and perceptions in smart service systems," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 425-447.
    27. Rust, Roland T., 2020. "The future of marketing," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 37(1), pages 15-26.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Lucia-Palacios, Laura & Pérez-López, Raúl, 2021. "Effects of Home Voice Assistants' Autonomy on Instrusiveness and Usefulness: Direct, Indirect, and Moderating Effects of Interactivity," Journal of Interactive Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 41-54.
    2. Attié, Elodie & Meyer-Waarden, Lars, 2022. "The acceptance and usage of smart connected objects according to adoption stages: an enhanced technology acceptance model integrating the diffusion of innovation, uses and gratification and privacy ca," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 176(C).
    3. Nitin Upadhyay & Aakash Kamble, 2024. "Why can’t we help but love mobile banking chatbots? Perspective of stimulus-organism-response," Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 29(3), pages 855-872, September.
    4. Kang, Weiyao & Shao, Bingjia, 2023. "The impact of voice assistants’ intelligent attributes on consumer well-being: Findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    5. Querci, Ilaria & Monsurrò, Luigi & Peverini, Paolo, 2024. "When anthropomorphism backfires: Anticipation of negative social roles as a source of resistance to smart object adoption," Technovation, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
    6. Manis, K.T. & Madhavaram, Sreedhar, 2023. "AI-Enabled marketing capabilities and the hierarchy of capabilities: Conceptualization, proposition development, and research avenues," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    7. Linda D. Hollebeek & V. Kumar & Rajendra K. Srivastava & Moira K. Clark, 2023. "Moving the stakeholder journey forward," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 51(1), pages 23-49, January.
    8. Ming-Hui Huang & Roland T. Rust, 2021. "A strategic framework for artificial intelligence in marketing," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 49(1), pages 30-50, January.
    9. Wang, Ping & Li, Kunyang & Du, Qinglong & Wang, Jianqiong, 2024. "Customer experience in AI-enabled products: Scale development and validation," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 76(C).
    10. Liang, Yongheng & Xu, Qian & Jin, Liyin, 2021. "The effect of smart and connected products on consumer brand choice concentration," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 163-172.
    11. Guerreiro, João & Loureiro, Sandra Maria Correia, 2023. "I am attracted to my Cool Smart Assistant! Analyzing Attachment-Aversion in AI-Human Relationships," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    12. László SEER, 2020. "Toward A Threshold Model Of Consumer Autonomy For Human-Smart System Interactions: A Qualitative Study," Network Intelligence Studies, Romanian Foundation for Business Intelligence, Editorial Department, issue 15, pages 57-69, June.
    13. Thomas P. Novak & Donna L. Hoffman, 2019. "Relationship journeys in the internet of things: a new framework for understanding interactions between consumers and smart objects," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 47(2), pages 216-237, March.
    14. Yoshida, Masayuki, 2017. "Consumer experience quality: A review and extension of the sport management literature," Sport Management Review, Elsevier, vol. 20(5), pages 427-442.
    15. Khan, Imran & Hollebeek, Linda D. & Fatma, Mobin & Islam, Jamid Ul & Riivits-Arkonsuo, Iivi, 2020. "Customer experience and commitment in retailing: Does customer age matter?," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    16. Sohn, Stefanie, 2024. "Consumer perceived risk of using autonomous retail technology," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    17. Rather, Raouf Ahmad & Hollebeek, Linda D., 2021. "Customers’ service-related engagement, experience, and behavioral intent: Moderating role of age," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).
    18. Orth, Ulrich R. & Crouch, Roberta C., 2014. "Is Beauty in the Aisles of the Retailer? Package Processing in Visually Complex Contexts," Journal of Retailing, Elsevier, vol. 90(4), pages 524-537.
    19. Henkens, Bieke & Verleye, Katrien & Larivière, Bart, 2021. "The smarter, the better?! Customer well-being, engagement, and perceptions in smart service systems," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 425-447.
    20. Wedel, Michel & Bigné, Enrique & Zhang, Jie, 2020. "Virtual and augmented reality: Advancing research in consumer marketing," International Journal of Research in Marketing, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 443-465.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jbrese:v:141:y:2022:i:c:p:337-354. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jbusres .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.