IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finana/v85y2023ics1057521922004148.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The European Central Bank and green finance: How would the green quantitative easing affect the investors' behavior during times of crisis?

Author

Listed:
  • Aloui, Donia
  • Benkraiem, Ramzi
  • Guesmi, Khaled
  • Vigne, Samuel

Abstract

In July 2021, the European central bank (ECB) announced the application of new environmental criteria to purchase private assets as part of its Quantitative Easing (QE) program. Using a Bayesian VAR model with time varying parameters and stochastic volatility (TVP-BVAR-SV), we investigate the transmission of Green bond shocks to the stock market during the pre-and-post COVID-19 pandemic. We document a nonlinear relation between the green bonds and the green equities. Our findings suggest that the ECB's Green QE can drive investors towards green investment in the stock market through the green bond market during the non-crisis period. However, we show that the proper transmission of Green QE shocks to the stock market depends on the economic conditions and could not be effective during the crisis period. Our results also support previous findings that state the growing demand for sustainable investing after COVID-19. These findings have important implications for investment professionals, policymakers, and environmentally concerned actors.

Suggested Citation

  • Aloui, Donia & Benkraiem, Ramzi & Guesmi, Khaled & Vigne, Samuel, 2023. "The European Central Bank and green finance: How would the green quantitative easing affect the investors' behavior during times of crisis?," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:85:y:2023:i:c:s1057521922004148
    DOI: 10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102464
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1057521922004148
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.irfa.2022.102464?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ben S. Bernanke & Kenneth N. Kuttner, 2005. "What Explains the Stock Market's Reaction to Federal Reserve Policy?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 60(3), pages 1221-1257, June.
    2. Urbschat, Florian & Watzka, Sebastian, 2020. "Quantitative easing in the Euro Area – An event study approach," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 14-36.
    3. Itamar Drechsler & Alexi Savov & Philipp Schnabl, 2018. "A Model of Monetary Policy and Risk Premia," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 73(1), pages 317-373, February.
    4. Naqvi, Asjad & Stockhammer, Engelbert, 2018. "Directed Technological Change in a Post-Keynesian Ecological Macromodel," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 168-188.
    5. Simon Dietz & Alex Bowen & Charlie Dixon & Philip Gradwell, 2016. "‘Climate value at risk’ of global financial assets," Nature Climate Change, Nature, vol. 6(7), pages 676-679, July.
    6. Bekaert, Geert & Hoerova, Marie & Lo Duca, Marco, 2013. "Risk, uncertainty and monetary policy," Journal of Monetary Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(7), pages 771-788.
    7. Scott Mayfield, E., 2004. "Estimating the market risk premium," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 73(3), pages 465-496, September.
    8. Mohamed Amine Boutabba & Yves Rannou, 2022. "Investor strategies in the green bond market: The influence of liquidity risks, economic factors and clientele effects," Post-Print hal-03586301, HAL.
    9. Dafermos, Yannis & Nikolaidi, Maria & Galanis, Giorgos, 2018. "Climate Change, Financial Stability and Monetary Policy," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 219-234.
    10. Aloui, Donia, 2021. "The COVID-19 pandemic haunting the transmission of the quantitative easing to the exchange rate," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 43(C).
    11. Chen, Peter & Zhang, Guochang, 2007. "How do accounting variables explain stock price movements? Theory and evidence," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(2-3), pages 219-244, July.
    12. Reboredo, Juan C. & Ugolini, Andrea, 2022. "Climate transition risk, profitability and stock prices," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    13. Zhang, GC, 2000. "Accounting information, capital investment decisions, and equity valuation: Theory and empirical implications," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(2), pages 271-295.
    14. Abiry, Raphael & Ferdinandusse, Marien & Ludwig, Alexander & Nerlich, Carolin, 2022. "Climate change mitigation: How effective is green quantitative easing?," ZEW Discussion Papers 22-027, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    15. Boutabba, Mohamed Amine & Rannou, Yves, 2022. "Investor strategies in the green bond market: The influence of liquidity risks, economic factors and clientele effects," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    16. Fama, Eugene F. & French, Kenneth R., 2007. "Disagreement, tastes, and asset prices," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(3), pages 667-689, March.
    17. Han, Yingwei & Li, Jie, 2022. "Should investors include green bonds in their portfolios? Evidence for the USA and Europe," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    18. Kurov, Alexander, 2010. "Investor sentiment and the stock market's reaction to monetary policy," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(1), pages 139-149, January.
    19. Tu, Qiang & Mo, Jianlei & Liu, Zhuoran & Gong, Chunxu & Fan, Ying, 2021. "Using green finance to counteract the adverse effects of COVID-19 pandemic on renewable energy investment-The case of offshore wind power in China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    20. Kaplan, Steven N & Ruback, Richard S, 1995. "The Valuation of Cash Flow Forecasts: An Empirical Analysis," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 50(4), pages 1059-1093, September.
    21. Giorgio E. Primiceri, 2005. "Time Varying Structural Vector Autoregressions and Monetary Policy," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 72(3), pages 821-852.
    22. Galariotis, Emilios & Makrichoriti, Panagiota & Spyrou, Spyros, 2018. "The impact of conventional and unconventional monetary policy on expectations and sentiment," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 1-20.
    23. Marco Del Negro & Giorgio E. Primiceri, 2015. "Time Varying Structural Vector Autoregressions and Monetary Policy: A Corrigendum," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 82(4), pages 1342-1345.
    24. Neuenkirch, Matthias, 2013. "Monetary policy transmission in vector autoregressions: A new approach using central bank communication," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(11), pages 4278-4285.
    25. Etienne Espagne, 2018. "Money, Finance and Climate: The Elusive Quest for a Truly Integrated Assessment Model," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 60(1), pages 131-143, March.
    26. Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Karim, Sitara & Uddin, Gazi Salah & Junttila, Juha, 2022. "Small fish in big ponds: Connections of green finance assets to commodity and sectoral stock markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    27. Joyce, Michael, 2012. "Quantitative easing and other unconventional monetary policies: Bank of England conference summary," Bank of England Quarterly Bulletin, Bank of England, vol. 52(1), pages 48-56.
    28. Brett W. Fawley & Christopher J. Neely, 2013. "Four stories of quantitative easing," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, issue Jan, pages 51-88.
    29. Michael Joyce & David Miles & Andrew Scott & Dimitri Vayanos, 2012. "Quantitative Easing and Unconventional Monetary Policy – an Introduction," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 122(564), pages 271-288, November.
    30. Kinateder, Harald & Wagner, Niklas, 2017. "Quantitative easing and the pricing of EMU sovereign debt," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 1-12.
    31. Ou Sun & Zhixin Liu, 2016. "Comparison of Monetary Policy Actions and Central Bank Communication on Tackling Asset Price Bubbles—Evidence from China’s Stock Market," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(11), pages 1-20, November.
    32. Tang, Dragon Yongjun & Zhang, Yupu, 2020. "Do shareholders benefit from green bonds?," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).
    33. Flammer, Caroline, 2021. "Corporate green bonds," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(2), pages 499-516.
    34. Urbschat, Florian & Watzka, Sebastian, 2020. "Quantitative easing in the Euro Area - An event study approach," Munich Reprints in Economics 84755, University of Munich, Department of Economics.
    35. Bovari, Emmanuel & Giraud, Gaël & Mc Isaac, Florent, 2018. "Coping With Collapse: A Stock-Flow Consistent Monetary Macrodynamics of Global Warming," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 383-398.
    36. Dietz, Simon & Bowen, Alex & Dixon, Charlie & Gradwell, Philip, 2016. "Climate value at risk of global financial assets," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 66226, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    37. Sandra Rousseau & Nick Deschacht, 2020. "Public Awareness of Nature and the Environment During the COVID-19 Crisis," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 76(4), pages 1149-1159, August.
    38. Venturini, Alessio, 2022. "Climate change, risk factors and stock returns: A review of the literature," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    39. Alessi, Lucia & Battiston, Stefano, 2022. "Two sides of the same coin: Green Taxonomy alignment versus transition risk in financial portfolios," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    40. Mensi, Walid & Rehman, Mobeen Ur & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2022. "Impacts of COVID-19 outbreak, macroeconomic and financial stress factors on price spillovers among green bond," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).
    41. Zhang, Wenting & He, Xie & Hamori, Shigeyuki, 2022. "Volatility spillover and investment strategies among sustainability-related financial indexes: Evidence from the DCC-GARCH-based dynamic connectedness and DCC-GARCH t-copula approach," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    42. Batten,, Sandra & Sowerbutts, Rhiannon & Tanaka, Misa, 2016. "Let’s talk about the weather: the impact of climate change on central banks," Bank of England working papers 603, Bank of England.
    43. Claudia Kemfert & Dorothea Schäfer & Willi Semmler, 2020. "Great Green Transition and Finance," Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, Springer;ZBW - Leibniz Information Centre for Economics;Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS), vol. 55(3), pages 181-186, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yao, Shun & Li, Tongxin & Li, Ying, 2023. "Promoting sustainable fossil fuels resources in BRICS countries: Evaluating green policies and driving renewable energy development," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(PA).
    2. Alves, Carlos Francisco & Meneses, Lilian Lima, 2024. "ESG scores and debt costs: Exploring indebtedness, agency costs, and financial system impact," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    3. Mensi, Walid & Selmi, Refk & Al-Kharusi, Sami & Belghouthi, Houssem Eddine & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2024. "Connectedness between green bonds, conventional bonds, oil, heating oil, natural gas, and petrol: new evidence during bear and bull market scenarios," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    4. Tang, Xin & Li, Xiaoqiu, 2023. "Exploring carbon neutrality potential in the petroluem industry: The role of green monetary policies as motivators," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aloui, Donia & Zouaoui, Riadh & Rachdi, Houssem & Guesmi, Khaled & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2024. "The impact of ECB’s Quantitative Easing on cryptocurrency markets during times of crisis," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    2. Donia Aloui & Brahim Gaies & Rafla Hchaichi, 2023. "Exploring environmental degradation spillovers in Sub-Saharan Africa: the energy–financial instability nexus," Economic Change and Restructuring, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 1699-1724, June.
    3. Feldkircher, Martin & Gruber, Thomas & Huber, Florian, 2020. "International effects of a compression of euro area yield curves," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    4. Pagliari, Maria Sole, 2024. "Does one (unconventional) size fit all? Effects of the ECB’s unconventional monetary policies on the euro area economies," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    5. Odongo, Maureen & Misati, Roseline Nyakerario & Kageha, Caren & Wamalwa, Peter Simiyu, 2023. "Sustainable financing, climate change risks and bank stability in Kenya," KBA Centre for Research on Financial Markets and Policy Working Paper Series 71, Kenya Bankers Association (KBA).
    6. Dana Kiseľáková & Paulina Filip & Erika Onuferová & Tomáš Valentiny, 2020. "The Impact of Monetary Policies on the Sustainable Economic and Financial Development in the Euro Area Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-21, November.
    7. Wang, Hao & Xu, Ning & Yin, Haiyan & Ji, Hao, 2022. "The dynamic impact of monetary policy on financial stability in China after crises," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    8. Vilija Aleknevičien&# & Asta Bendoraityt&#, 2023. "Role of Green Finance in Greening the Economy: Conceptual Approach," Central European Business Review, Prague University of Economics and Business, vol. 2023(2), pages 105-130.
    9. Kocaarslan, Baris & Mushtaq, Rizwan, 2024. "The impact of liquidity conditions on the time-varying link between U.S. municipal green bonds and major risky markets during the COVID-19 crisis: A machine learning approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).
    10. Neuenkirch, Matthias & Nöckel, Matthias, 2018. "The risk-taking channel of monetary policy transmission in the euro area," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 71-91.
    11. Salvatore Perdichizzi & Matteo Cotugno & Giuseppe Torluccio, 2022. "Is the ECB’s conventional monetary policy state‐dependent? An event study approach," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 90(2), pages 213-236, March.
    12. Galariotis, Emilios & Makrichoriti, Panagiota & Spyrou, Spyros, 2018. "The impact of conventional and unconventional monetary policy on expectations and sentiment," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 1-20.
    13. Krokida, Styliani-Iris & Makrychoriti, Panagiota & Spyrou, Spyros, 2020. "Monetary policy and herd behavior: International evidence," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 386-417.
    14. Getaneh Mihret Ayele & Fentaw Leykun Fisseha, 2024. "Does climate change affect the financial stability of Sub-Saharan African countries?," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 177(10), pages 1-22, October.
    15. Agliardi, Elettra & Agliardi, Rossella, 2021. "Pricing climate-related risks in the bond market," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 54(C).
    16. D’Orazio, Paola & Popoyan, Lilit, 2019. "Fostering green investments and tackling climate-related financial risks: Which role for macroprudential policies?," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 25-37.
    17. Mamatzakis, Emmanuel & Bermpei, Theodora, 2016. "What is the effect of unconventional monetary policy on bank performance?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 239-263.
    18. Martijn Boermans, 2023. "Preferred habitat investors in the green bond market," Working Papers 773, DNB.
    19. Florian Böser & Chiara Colesanti Senni, 2020. "Emission-based Interest Rates and the Transition to a Low-carbon Economy," CER-ETH Economics working paper series 20/337, CER-ETH - Center of Economic Research (CER-ETH) at ETH Zurich.
    20. Guo, Haifeng & Hung, Chi-Hsiou D. & Kontonikas, Alexandros, 2022. "The Fed and the stock market: A tale of sentiment states," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; ECB; Green quantitative easing; Green investment; ESG; TVP-BVAR-SV model; Stochastic volatility;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates
    • Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finana:v:85:y:2023:i:c:s1057521922004148. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/620166 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.