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Exergy analysis of a TMS (thermal management system) for range-extended EVs (electric vehicles)

Author

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  • Hamut, H.S.
  • Dincer, I.
  • Naterer, G.F.

Abstract

This paper examines a TMS (thermal management system) of a range-extended EV (electric vehicle), which operates on its battery before the gasoline engine engages. In this period of independence of the ICE (internal combustion engine), the vehicle performance characteristics such as range, power for acceleration, fuel economy and emissions depend solely on the battery performance. Since the magnitude and uniformity of temperature in battery packs has significant impact on their performance, it is imperative to keep the battery temperature within optimal performance levels through a capable TMS that can efficiently transfer heat within the vehicle. The objective of this paper is to analyze the refrigerant and coolant circuits in the vehicle for cooling during high ambient temperatures and determine the irreversibilities and areas for improvement within these circuits. A second law analysis is used to examine the areas of low exergy efficiency in the system and minimize the entropy generation. Based on the analysis, the energetic COP (coefficient of performance) ranges of 1.8–2.4 and exergetic COP ranges of 0.26–0.39 are calculated for the system. Various parametric studies have been conducted and the most significant impact on the overall exergetic COP is found to be the ambient temperature.

Suggested Citation

  • Hamut, H.S. & Dincer, I. & Naterer, G.F., 2012. "Exergy analysis of a TMS (thermal management system) for range-extended EVs (electric vehicles)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(1), pages 117-125.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:46:y:2012:i:1:p:117-125
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.12.041
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    Cited by:

    1. Xu, Jiamin & Zhang, Caizhi & Wan, Zhongmin & Chen, Xi & Chan, Siew Hwa & Tu, Zhengkai, 2022. "Progress and perspectives of integrated thermal management systems in PEM fuel cell vehicles: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).
    2. Colmenar-Santos, Antonio & Alberdi-Jiménez, Lucía & Nasarre-Cortés, Lorenzo & Mora-Larramona, Joaquín, 2014. "Residual heat use generated by a 12 kW fuel cell in an electric vehicle heating system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 182-190.
    3. Bazinski, S.J. & Wang, X. & Sangeorzan, B.P. & Guessous, L., 2016. "Measuring and assessing the effective in-plane thermal conductivity of lithium iron phosphate pouch cells," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1085-1092.
    4. Zhang, Zhenying & Wang, Jiayu & Feng, Xu & Chang, Li & Chen, Yanhua & Wang, Xingguo, 2018. "The solutions to electric vehicle air conditioning systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 443-463.
    5. Zhang, Xiongwen & Kong, Xin & Li, Guojun & Li, Jun, 2014. "Thermodynamic assessment of active cooling/heating methods for lithium-ion batteries of electric vehicles in extreme conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 1092-1101.
    6. Rao, Zhonghao & Wang, Qingchao & Huang, Congliang, 2016. "Investigation of the thermal performance of phase change material/mini-channel coupled battery thermal management system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 659-669.
    7. Feng, Xuning & Lu, Languang & Ouyang, Minggao & Li, Jiangqiu & He, Xiangming, 2016. "A 3D thermal runaway propagation model for a large format lithium ion battery module," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(P1), pages 194-208.
    8. Yousefzadeh, H. & Tavakolpour-Saleh, A.R., 2021. "A novel unified dynamic-thermodynamic method for estimating damping and predicting performance of kinematic Stirling engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    9. Tamilarasan, P. & Ramaprabhu, S., 2013. "Graphene based all-solid-state supercapacitors with ionic liquid incorporated polyacrylonitrile electrolyte," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 374-381.
    10. Xu, X.M. & He, R., 2014. "Review on the heat dissipation performance of battery pack with different structures and operation conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 301-315.
    11. Fathabadi, Hassan, 2014. "High thermal performance lithium-ion battery pack including hybrid active–passive thermal management system for using in hybrid/electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 529-538.
    12. Ma, Mina & Wang, Yu & Duan, Qiangling & Wu, Tangqin & Sun, Jinhua & Wang, Qingsong, 2018. "Fault detection of the connection of lithium-ion power batteries in series for electric vehicles based on statistical analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 745-756.
    13. Eddahech, Akram & Briat, Olivier & Vinassa, Jean-Michel, 2013. "Thermal characterization of a high-power lithium-ion battery: Potentiometric and calorimetric measurement of entropy changes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 432-439.
    14. Yao, Lei & Fang, Zhanpeng & Xiao, Yanqiu & Hou, Junjian & Fu, Zhijun, 2021. "An Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method for Lithium Battery Systems Based on Grid Search Support Vector Machine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    15. Shin, Yoon Hyuk & Kim, Sung Chul & Kim, Min Soo, 2013. "Use of electromagnetic clutch water pumps in vehicle engine cooling systems to reduce fuel consumption," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 624-631.
    16. Alkhulaifi, Yousif M. & Qasem, Naef A.A. & Zubair, Syed M., 2022. "Exergoeconomic assessment of the ejector-based battery thermal management system for electric and hybrid-electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    17. Junhong Hao & Youjun Zhang & Nian Xiong, 2020. "The Integrated Component-System Optimization of a Typical Thermal Management System by Combining Empirical and Heat Current Methods," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-17, December.
    18. Zhang, Sijie & Zhao, Rui & Liu, Jie & Gu, Junjie, 2014. "Investigation on a hydrogel based passive thermal management system for lithium ion batteries," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 854-861.
    19. Chen, Syuan-Yi & Wu, Chien-Hsun & Hung, Yi-Hsuan & Chung, Cheng-Ta, 2018. "Optimal strategies of energy management integrated with transmission control for a hybrid electric vehicle using dynamic particle swarm optimization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 154-170.
    20. Dan Dan & Yihang Zhao & Mingshan Wei & Xuehui Wang, 2023. "Review of Thermal Management Technology for Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(12), pages 1-38, June.
    21. Ma, Yan & Mou, Hongyuan & Zhao, Haiyan, 2020. "Cooling optimization strategy for lithium-ion batteries based on triple-step nonlinear method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).

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