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Numerical modelling and experimental measurements for a low-temperature district heating substation for instantaneous preparation of DHW with respect to service pipes

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  • Brand, Marek
  • Thorsen, Jan Eric
  • Svendsen, Svend

Abstract

Traditional district heating (DH) systems are becoming uneconomic as the number of new and renovated buildings with reduced heating requirements increases. To keep DH competitive in the future, heat losses in DH networks need to be reduced. One option is to reduce the supply temperature of DH as much as possible. This requires a review and improvement of a DH network, in-house substations, and the whole domestic hot water (DHW) supply system, with the focus on user comfort, hygiene, overall cost and energy efficiency. This paper describes some practical approaches to the implementation of low-temperature district heating (LTDH) with an entry-to-substation temperature around 50 °C. To this end we developed a numerical model for an instantaneous LTDH substation that takes into consideration the effect of service pipes. The model has been verified and can be used for the further optimization of the whole concept as well for individual components. The results show that the way that the service pipe is operated has a significant effect on waiting time for DHW, heat loss, and overall cost. Furthermore, the service pipe should be kept warm by using a bypass in order to fulfil the comfort requirements for DHW instantaneously prepared.

Suggested Citation

  • Brand, Marek & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Svendsen, Svend, 2012. "Numerical modelling and experimental measurements for a low-temperature district heating substation for instantaneous preparation of DHW with respect to service pipes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 392-400.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:41:y:2012:i:1:p:392-400
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2012.02.061
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Hakan İbrahim Tol & Svend Svendsen, 2013. "The Exergetic, Environmental and Economic Effect of the Hydrostatic Design Static Pressure Level on the Pipe Dimensions of Low-Energy District Heating Networks," Challenges, MDPI, vol. 4(1), pages 1-16, January.
    3. Persson, Urban & Wiechers, Eva & Möller, Bernd & Werner, Sven, 2019. "Heat Roadmap Europe: Heat distribution costs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 604-622.
    4. Marco Pellegrini & Augusto Bianchini, 2018. "The Innovative Concept of Cold District Heating Networks: A Literature Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-16, January.
    5. Averfalk, Helge & Werner, Sven, 2018. "Novel low temperature heat distribution technology," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 526-539.
    6. Pans, M.A. & Eames, P.C., 2024. "A study of the benefits of including thermal energy stores in district heating networks," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    7. Zhang, Lipeng & Xia, Jianjun & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Gudmundsson, Oddgeir & Li, Hongwei & Svendsen, Svend, 2016. "Technical, economic and environmental investigation of using district heating to prepare domestic hot water in Chinese multi-storey buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(P1), pages 281-292.
    8. Brand, Lisa & Calvén, Alexandra & Englund, Jessica & Landersjö, Henrik & Lauenburg, Patrick, 2014. "Smart district heating networks – A simulation study of prosumers’ impact on technical parameters in distribution networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 39-48.
    9. Dolna, Oktawia & Mikielewicz, Jarosław, 2020. "The ground impact on the ultra-low- and low-temperature district heating operation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1232-1241.
    10. Vandermeulen, Annelies & Van Oevelen, Tijs & van der Heijde, Bram & Helsen, Lieve, 2020. "A simulation-based evaluation of substation models for network flexibility characterisation in district heating networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
    11. Li, Yu & Rezgui, Yacine & Zhu, Hanxing, 2017. "District heating and cooling optimization and enhancement – Towards integration of renewables, storage and smart grid," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 72(C), pages 281-294.
    12. Bertrand, Alexandre & Mastrucci, Alessio & Schüler, Nils & Aggoune, Riad & Maréchal, François, 2017. "Characterisation of domestic hot water end-uses for integrated urban thermal energy assessment and optimisation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(P2), pages 152-166.
    13. Brange, Lisa & Englund, Jessica & Lauenburg, Patrick, 2016. "Prosumers in district heating networks – A Swedish case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 492-500.
    14. Wilby, Mark Richard & Rodríguez González, Ana Belén & Vinagre Díaz, Juan José, 2014. "Empirical and dynamic primary energy factors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 771-779.
    15. Dolna, Oktawia, 2021. "Operation of a ground thermal energy storage supplied by different sources in a low-temperature district heating network," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 586-604.
    16. Bertrand, Alexandre & Aggoune, Riad & Maréchal, François, 2017. "In-building waste water heat recovery: An urban-scale method for the characterisation of water streams and the assessment of energy savings and costs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 110-125.
    17. Brand, Marek & Svendsen, Svend, 2013. "Renewable-based low-temperature district heating for existing buildings in various stages of refurbishment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 311-319.
    18. Østergaard, Dorte Skaarup & Svendsen, Svend, 2016. "Replacing critical radiators to increase the potential to use low-temperature district heating – A case study of 4 Danish single-family houses from the 1930s," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 75-84.
    19. Brand, Marek & Rosa, Alessandro Dalla & Svendsen, Svend, 2014. "Energy-efficient and cost-effective in-house substations bypass for improving thermal and DHW (domestic hot water) comfort in bathrooms in low-energy buildings supplied by low-temperature district hea," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 256-267.

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