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Characterisation of domestic hot water end-uses for integrated urban thermal energy assessment and optimisation

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  • Bertrand, Alexandre
  • Mastrucci, Alessio
  • Schüler, Nils
  • Aggoune, Riad
  • Maréchal, François

Abstract

Former integrated urban energy assessments and optimisation have modelled domestic hot water (DHW) demand as a single stream, as space heating, currently, is the main energy demand in buildings and a detailed DHW modelling was therefore not required. However, the characterisation of energy saving measures (e.g. grey water heat recovery) and the selection of optimal heating utility in buildings with low temperature space heating would benefit from a differentiation of the various DHW end-uses at urban scale (building blocks, streets, districts, city). To this end, a new method characterising the main DHW appliances in households, hotels and nursing homes at urban level, is proposed. A review of European publications characterising water uses is conducted and utility load and energy consumption equations are developed. A specific model for district heating heat exchangers without thermal storage for integrated urban energy optimisation is proposed. The DHW-related energy consumption results are confirmed by literature values in a real urban case-study. Showering represents more than 80% of the DHW energy demand, and more than 97% of the total DHW heat use is required up to 40°C. The proposed method contributes to urban energy assessments and optimisation by improving the level of detail of the outcomes and by strengthening their integrated approach.

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  • Bertrand, Alexandre & Mastrucci, Alessio & Schüler, Nils & Aggoune, Riad & Maréchal, François, 2017. "Characterisation of domestic hot water end-uses for integrated urban thermal energy assessment and optimisation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(P2), pages 152-166.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:186:y:2017:i:p2:p:152-166
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.107
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    1. Meireles, I. & Sousa, V. & Bleys, B. & Poncelet, B., 2022. "Domestic hot water consumption pattern: Relation with total water consumption and air temperature," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
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    3. Bertrand, Alexandre & Aggoune, Riad & Maréchal, François, 2017. "In-building waste water heat recovery: An urban-scale method for the characterisation of water streams and the assessment of energy savings and costs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 110-125.
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    6. Pochwat, Kamil & Kordana, Sabina & Starzec, Mariusz & Słyś, Daniel, 2019. "Comparison of two-prototype near-horizontal Drain Water Heat Recovery units on the basis of effectiveness," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 1196-1207.
    7. Bertrand, Alexandre & Mian, Alberto & Kantor, Ivan & Aggoune, Riad & Maréchal, François, 2019. "Regional waste heat valorisation: A mixed integer linear programming method for energy service companies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 454-468.
    8. Postacchini, Matteo & Di Giuseppe, Elisa & Eusebi, Anna Laura & Pelagalli, Leonardo & Darvini, Giovanna & Cipolletta, Giulia & Fatone, Francesco, 2022. "Energy saving from small-sized urban contexts: Integrated application into the domestic water cycle," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 199(C), pages 1300-1317.
    9. Li, Qiyuan & Beier, Lisa-Jil & Tan, Joel & Brown, Celia & Lian, Boyue & Zhong, Wenwei & Wang, Yuan & Ji, Chao & Dai, Pan & Li, Tianyu & Le Clech, Pierre & Tyagi, Himanshu & Liu, Xuefei & Leslie, Greg , 2019. "An integrated, solar-driven membrane distillation system for water purification and energy generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 534-548.
    10. Hadengue, Bruno & Morgenroth, Eberhard & Larsen, Tove A. & Baldini, Luca, 2022. "Performance and dynamics of active greywater heat recovery in buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    11. Beata Piotrowska & Daniel Słyś & Sabina Kordana-Obuch & Kamil Pochwat, 2020. "Critical Analysis of the Current State of Knowledge in the Field of Waste Heat Recovery in Sewage Systems," Resources, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-14, June.
    12. Han, Youhua & Ma, Liangdong & Zhang, Jili & Mi, Peiyuan & Guo, Xiaochao, 2023. "Research on the adaptive proportional-integral control method of a direct-expansion photovoltaic-thermal heat pump system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    13. Kazas, Georgios & Fabrizio, Enrico & Perino, Marco, 2017. "Energy demand profile generation with detailed time resolution at an urban district scale: A reference building approach and case study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 243-262.
    14. Anna Marszal-Pomianowska & Rasmus Lund Jensen & Michal Pomianowski & Olena Kalyanova Larsen & Jacob Scharling Jørgensen & Sofie Sand Knudsen, 2021. "Comfort of Domestic Water in Residential Buildings: Flow, Temperature and Energy in Draw-Off Points: Field Study in Two Danish Detached Houses," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-20, June.
    15. Golzar, Farzin & Silveira, Semida, 2021. "Impact of wastewater heat recovery in buildings on the performance of centralized energy recovery – A case study of Stockholm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    16. Yan Ding & Xiao Pan & Wanyue Chen & Zhe Tian & Zhiyao Wang & Qing He, 2022. "Prediction Method for Office Building Energy Consumption Based on an Agent-Based Model Considering Occupant–Equipment Interaction Behavior," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(22), pages 1-31, November.
    17. Vering, Christian & Göbel, Stephan & Klebig, Tim & Will, Florian & Horst, Janik & Wüllhorst, Fabian & Nürenberg, Markus & Mehrfeld, Philipp & Müller, Dirk, 2024. "Towards a defossilized building sector with field tests in the lab: Review, development, and evaluation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 365(C).
    18. Gonzalo Sánchez-Barroso & Jaime González-Domínguez & Justo García-Sanz-Calcedo, 2020. "Potential Savings in DHW Facilities through the Use of Solar Thermal Energy in the Hospitals of Extremadura (Spain)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(8), pages 1-16, April.
    19. Gibbons, Laurence & Javed, Saqib, 2022. "A review of HVAC solution-sets and energy performace of nearly zero-energy multi-story apartment buildings in Nordic climates by statistical analysis of environmental performance certificates and lite," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(PA).

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