Advancements in sorption-based materials for hydrogen storage and utilization: A comprehensive review

With its remarkable energy density and eco-friendly combustion properties, hydrogen stands as a beacon of hope in our quest to meet future energy needs while ushering in a cleaner, carbon-free era, making a significant impact on the path to a sustainable world. Nevertheless, the broader utilization of H2 faces hurdles concerning its generation, storage, and efficient utilization. Solid materials offer a promising avenue to address these challenges, as their properties can be readily tailored to enhance the efficiency of H2 generation, storage, and utilization. By manipulating their physical, chemical, thermal, and electronic attributes, solid materials can make substantial contributions across all three crucial aspects. Materials based on metal and complex hydrides show promise as hydrogen storage materials. The activation energy for hydrogen desorption is significantly reduced by transition metals doping, improving the materials' capacity to store hydrogen. Bimetallic nanoparticles of transition metals had outstanding catalytic and synergistic effects on the hydrogen adsorption/desorption properties of MgH2 when compared to the case of a single transition metals. Zeolites are superior to metal-organic frameworks due to their simplicity in synthesis, low thermal stabilities, and inexpensive cost. In general, hydrogen hydrates show promise as materials for hydrogen storage, but additional study is required to increase their hydrogen storage volumes, charging speeds, and cycle capabilities. Glass structure factors, such as the connectedness of the regional network, have a role in establishing the hydrogen permeabilities of glasses. The main limitations of these systems are their low volumetric hydrogen storage densities (<20 kg/m3) and the requirement for heating to liberate hydrogen. It's remarkable that organo-transition metal complexes materials showed strong 8.9 and 9.9 wt% hydrogen adsorption capabilities. Such endeavours are imperative to usher in a sustainable H2 powered future. This comprehensive review explores various materials for physisorption and chemisorption-based hydrogen storage, providing in-depth insights and pertinent comparisons to highlight their potential for effective hydrogen storage solutions.