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Synthesis of mono, bi, and trimetallic Sn–Ni–Cu based ionic micro-emulsion catalysts and optimization of catalytic performance in heavy oil upgrading

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  • Abdi-Khanghah, Mahdi
  • Jafari, Arezou
  • Ahmadi, Goodarz
  • Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Abdolhossein

Abstract

In this study, to synthesize an active and feasible mono, bi, and trimetallic Sn–Ni–Cu/ionic microemulsion catalysts (IMECs), a novel synthesis process was proposed. All synthesized catalytic solutions and IMECs were characterized using conductivity, refractivity index (RI), inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and light microscope, physical stability, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. Then, the interaction of catalyst formulation with operational parameters on the upgrading was experimentally evaluated. Statistical modeling was performed using the mixture-process algorithm of Design of Experiments (DOE). Experimental results and catalysts characterization specially FTIR outcomes reveal that shifting NO3−peaks of the trimetallic IMEC confirms the suitable preparation of IMEC. Moreover, trimetallic IMEC formulation of 23.09% Sn, 60.648% Ni, and 16.268% Cu which shows viscosity and produced gas weight percent (PGWP) of 586.99 cP and 1.269%, respectively, is the optimum catalyst formulation. Reaction temperature and catalysts wt% of 73 °C and 0.2% can be considered as the optimum operational condition. Finally, at 70 °C, increasing the amount of catalysts causes an increase in the speed of heavy to middle hydrocarbon reactions with reducing the effect of the mass transfer controlling mechanism. On the other hand, the reaction controlling mechanism for the production of light hydrocarbon from heavy oil was eliminated by changing the reaction temperature from 70 to 90 °C.

Suggested Citation

  • Abdi-Khanghah, Mahdi & Jafari, Arezou & Ahmadi, Goodarz & Hemmati-Sarapardeh, Abdolhossein, 2023. "Synthesis of mono, bi, and trimetallic Sn–Ni–Cu based ionic micro-emulsion catalysts and optimization of catalytic performance in heavy oil upgrading," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:284:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223016614
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.128267
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