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Pretreatment and sugar recovery of oil palm fronds using choline chloride:calcium chloride hexahydrate integrated with metal chloride

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  • New, Eng Kein
  • Wu, Ta Yeong
  • Tnah, Shen Khang
  • Procentese, Alessandra
  • Cheng, Chin Kui

Abstract

In this study, metal chlorides with different valences, namely potassium chloride (KCl), copper (ii) chloride (CuCl2) and iron (iii) chloride (FeCl3), were used as co-catalysts in a Type II deep eutectic solvent (DES) system, namely, choline chloride:calcium chloride hexahydrate (ChCl:CaCl2·6H2O). After determining their corresponding recommended pretreatment conditions, specific volumetric water content was integrated into the DES + co-catalyst system to aggrandize the pretreatment for oil palm fronds (OPF). At one atmospheric condition, pretreatment of OPF using ChCl:CaCl2·6H2O/1 wt% CuCl2/30 vol% water (115 °C, 1.5 h) and ChCl:CaCl2·6H2O/1 wt% FeCl3/20 vol% water (125 °C, 1.5 h) could produce xylose recovery up to 15.78 g/L (76.42%) and 15.02 g/L (72.74%), respectively. Additionally, both transition metal salt co-catalysts expedited the solvent systems with high lignin (≥50%), xylan (≥85%) and arabinan (∼100%) removal from the OPF. Therefore, applying the studied Type II DES containing co-catalyst while integrated with additional water content had enabled an effective OPF pretreatment for dissolving the ligno-hemicellulose components and expanded a bright horizon for biorefinery processes. A utilization of DES + co-catalyst system could lead to the reduction of energy intensity as compared to the conventional DES system.

Suggested Citation

  • New, Eng Kein & Wu, Ta Yeong & Tnah, Shen Khang & Procentese, Alessandra & Cheng, Chin Kui, 2023. "Pretreatment and sugar recovery of oil palm fronds using choline chloride:calcium chloride hexahydrate integrated with metal chloride," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:277:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223008800
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.127486
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lee, Cornelius Basil Tien Loong & Wu, Ta Yeong, 2021. "A review on solvent systems for furfural production from lignocellulosic biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    2. Tnah, Shen Khang & Wu, Ta Yeong & Ting, Dennis Chiong Chung & Chow, Han Ket & Shak, Katrina Pui Yee & Subramonian, Wennie & Procentese, Alessandra & Cheng, Chin Kui & Teoh, Wen Hui & Md. Jahim, Jamali, 2022. "Effect of chlorine atoms in choline chloride-monocarboxylic acid for the pretreatment of oil palm fronds and enzymatic hydrolysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 285-295.
    3. Ong, Victor Zhenquan & Wu, Ta Yeong, 2020. "An application of ultrasonication in lignocellulosic biomass valorisation into bio-energy and bio-based products," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 132(C).
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    Cited by:

    1. Denis J. Murphy, 2024. "Carbon Sequestration by Tropical Trees and Crops: A Case Study of Oil Palm," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 14(7), pages 1-31, July.

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