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Efficiency and sustainability assessment of evaporative cooling of photovoltaics

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  • Žižak, Tej
  • Domjan, Suzana
  • Medved, Sašo
  • Arkar, Ciril

Abstract

The cooling of PV has been shown to increase electricity production. Among passive techniques, evaporative cooling has one of the greatest potentials. In this work, the efficiency and sustainability of this technique have been investigated for various climatic conditions. In-situ experiments were conducted to develop parametric models for PV cell temperatures and back surface convective heat transfer coefficient. Experiments have revealed an up to 20.1 °C lower peak PV temperature and up to 9.6% increased electric power. Year-round analysis was made for eight cities to determine the required roof size to capture precipitation and the volume of rainwater storage for sustainable evaporative cooling. The study shows that sustainable PV evaporative cooling is possible in cities with temperate and continental climates, where 1–3 m2 of roof area and 50–150 l of rainwater storage are needed for 1 m2 of PV. The annual electricity production can increase by 5.9–9.4 kWh/m2a, which is a 3.6–4.6% increase. In the semi-arid climate of Lampedusa, a roof above 4 m2 and a storage of up to 500 l per m2 of PV are required. In the desert climate of Almeria and Athens, sustainable evaporative cooling is not feasible.

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  • Žižak, Tej & Domjan, Suzana & Medved, Sašo & Arkar, Ciril, 2022. "Efficiency and sustainability assessment of evaporative cooling of photovoltaics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:254:y:2022:i:pa:s036054422201163x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.124260
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    1. Gao, Yuanzhi & Wu, Dongxu & Dai, Zhaofeng & Wang, Changling & Zhu, Liutao & Zhang, Jili & Xu, Guoying & Zhang, Xiaosong, 2023. "A passive evaporative cooling strategy to enhance the electricity production of hybrid PV-STEG system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    2. Khan, Sheher Yar & Waqas, Adeel & Kumar, Mahesh & Liu, Shuli & Shen, Yongliang & Chen, Tingsen & Shoaib, Muhammad & Khan, Muhammad Omair, 2024. "Experimental, numerical, and 4E assessment of photovoltaic module using macro-encapsulation of pure and nano phase change material: A comparative analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    3. Cengiz, Mazlum & Kayri, İsmail & Aydın, Hüseyin, 2024. "A collated overview on the evaporative cooling applications for photovoltaic modules," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    4. Kapsalis, Vasileios & Maduta, Carmen & Skandalos, Nikolaos & Wang, Meng & Bhuvad, Sushant Suresh & D'Agostino, Delia & Ma, Tao & Raj, Uday & Parker, Danny & Peng, Jinqing & Karamanis, Dimitris, 2024. "Critical assessment of large-scale rooftop photovoltaics deployment in the global urban environment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).

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