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Modeling electric load and water consumption impacts from an integrated thermal energy and rainwater storage system for residential buildings in Texas

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  • Upshaw, Charles R.
  • Rhodes, Joshua D.
  • Webber, Michael E.

Abstract

The United States’ built environment is a significant direct and indirect consumer of energy and water. In Texas, and other parts of the Southern and Western US, air conditioning loads, particularly from residential buildings, contribute significantly to the peak electricity load on the grid, straining transmission. In parallel, water resources in these regions are strained by growing populations and shrinking supplies. One potential method to address both of these issues is to develop integrated thermal energy and auxiliary water (e.g. rainwater, greywater, etc.) storage and management systems that reduce peak load and freshwater consumption. This analysis focuses on a proposed integrated thermal energy and rainwater storage (ITHERST) system that is incorporated into a residential air-source chiller/heat pump with hydronic distribution. This paper describes a step-wise hourly thermodynamic model of the thermal storage system to assess on-peak performance, and a daily volume-balance model of auxiliary water collection and consumption to assess water savings potential. While the model is generalized, this analysis uses a case study of a single family home in Austin, Texas to illustrate its capabilities. The results indicate this ITHERST system could reduce on-peak air conditioning electric power demand by over 75%, with increased overall electric energy consumption of approximately 7–9%, when optimally sized. Additionally, the modeled rainwater collection reduced municipal water consumption by approximately 53–89%, depending on the system size.

Suggested Citation

  • Upshaw, Charles R. & Rhodes, Joshua D. & Webber, Michael E., 2017. "Modeling electric load and water consumption impacts from an integrated thermal energy and rainwater storage system for residential buildings in Texas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 186(P3), pages 492-508.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:186:y:2017:i:p3:p:492-508
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.02.130
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Arteconi, A. & Hewitt, N.J. & Polonara, F., 2012. "State of the art of thermal storage for demand-side management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 371-389.
    2. Kalz, Doreen E. & Wienold, Jan & Fischer, Martin & Cali, Davide, 2010. "Novel heating and cooling concept employing rainwater cisterns and thermo-active building systems for a residential building," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(2), pages 650-660, February.
    3. Cole, Wesley J. & Rhodes, Joshua D. & Gorman, William & Perez, Krystian X. & Webber, Michael E. & Edgar, Thomas F., 2014. "Community-scale residential air conditioning control for effective grid management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 428-436.
    4. Turner, W.J.N. & Walker, I.S. & Roux, J., 2015. "Peak load reductions: Electric load shifting with mechanical pre-cooling of residential buildings with low thermal mass," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 1057-1067.
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    Cited by:

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    4. Fan, Jing-Li & Kong, Ling-Si & Wang, Hang & Zhang, Xian, 2019. "A water-energy nexus review from the perspective of urban metabolism," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 392(C), pages 128-136.
    5. Munguía-López, Aurora del Carmen & González-Bravo, Ramón & Ponce-Ortega, José María, 2019. "Evaluation of carbon and water policies in the optimization of water distribution networks involving power-desalination plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 927-936.

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