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Differences between design expectations and actual operation of ground source heat pumps for green buildings in the cold region of northern China

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  • Sang, Jingmeng
  • Liu, Xin
  • Liang, Chuanzhi
  • Feng, Guohui
  • Li, Zonghan
  • Wu, Xiuhui
  • Song, Mengmeng

Abstract

Ground source heat pump technology and green buildings have been combined. This is an effective way to improve the utilisation rate of renewable energy, increase energy savings and reduce emissions. However, some green building ground source heat pump systems have high energy consumption and poor energy-saving effects. Data was collected from the ground source heat pump systems in five typical green buildings (T1 to T5) in a cold region of China. The mechanisms of the differences between the actual operation and design expectations were explored for the ground source heat pump systems in cold regions. The results showed that the key factors affecting the efficiency of the building energy systems were the coefficient of performance (COP) and energy efficiency ratio (EER). Of buildings T1 - T5, T1, T3, and T5 experienced excessive heating, with excess heating rates of 19.4%, 18.1%, and 3.7% respectively. The difference between the expected and actual heat pump systems was illustrated by factors such as the water supply temperature at the ground source side, the water leakage at the user side and ground source side, insufficient depth of the water intake and recharge wells, and the dirt accumulation in the plate heat exchanger.

Suggested Citation

  • Sang, Jingmeng & Liu, Xin & Liang, Chuanzhi & Feng, Guohui & Li, Zonghan & Wu, Xiuhui & Song, Mengmeng, 2022. "Differences between design expectations and actual operation of ground source heat pumps for green buildings in the cold region of northern China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:252:y:2022:i:c:s036054422200980x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.124077
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Shan, M. & Yu, T. & Yang, X., 2016. "Assessment of an integrated active solar and air-source heat pump water heating system operated within a passive house in a cold climate zone," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(P3), pages 1059-1066.
    2. Michopoulos, A. & Zachariadis, T. & Kyriakis, N., 2013. "Operation characteristics and experience of a ground source heat pump system with a vertical ground heat exchanger," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 349-357.
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    3. Huo, Tengfei & Xu, Linbo & Liu, Bingsheng & Cai, Weiguang & Feng, Wei, 2022. "China’s commercial building carbon emissions toward 2060: An integrated dynamic emission assessment model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
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    5. Antiopi-Malvina Stamatellou & Olympia Zogou & Anastassios Stamatelos, 2023. "Energy Cost Assessment and Optimization of Post-COVID-19 Building Ventilation Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-24, February.
    6. George Stamatellos & Olympia Zogou & Anastassios Stamatelos, 2022. "Energy Analysis of a NZEB Office Building with Rooftop PV Installation: Exploitation of the Employees’ Electric Vehicles Battery Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(17), pages 1-24, August.
    7. Qiang, Guofeng & Tang, Shu & Hao, Jianli & Di Sarno, Luigi & Wu, Guangdong & Ren, Shaoxing, 2023. "Building automation systems for energy and comfort management in green buildings: A critical review and future directions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).

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