IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v141y2017icp56-65.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Study on the thermal effect of the ground heat exchanger of GSHP in the eastern China area

Author

Listed:
  • Xi, J.
  • Li, Y.
  • Liu, M.
  • Wang, R.Z.

Abstract

The two-year operating performance and the variation in the underground thermal environment of a ground source heat pump (GSHP) system are presented in this work; the GSHP has been installed in an office building in Hangzhou. The system consists of two heat-pump units, each with a heating/cooling capacity of 470 kW/465 kW, and 201 boreholes. The flow rates and temperatures of water on the user- and buried-pipes side, the electrical power consumption of the heat-pump units and the water pumps, and the underground temperatures were monitored during this project. The result of the performance monitoring revealed that the average daily COP of the units and the system was approximately 5.0 and 3.0, respectively, during cooling seasons, and 4.5 and 2.7, respectively, during the heating seasons. It was found that the electricity consumption of the water pump accounted for 39.7% of the total electricity consumption, which is high enough to degrade the system performance. It was also found that the heat released by the GSHP system during the cooling season is more than the heat absorbed during the heating season at the hot-summer and cold-winter zone. The underground heat imbalance rate was approximately 24% in the first year, and was approximately 53% in the second year. The result of underground temperature monitoring showed that the underground temperature increased by 1.1 °C after two years of system operation. This reveals that the heat exchange between the GSHPs and the soil is unbalanced, which eventually caused “heat accumulation”. Moreover, the variation in the underground thermal environment was revealed by the changes in underground temperature according to time, depth, and season. Finally, in this work, a simple model is presented, which quantitatively verifies the underground heat imbalance through the underground temperature variation. Reasonable agreement of results verified the underground heat imbalance, and confirmed the reliability of the model. Overall, this study provides a significant amount of experimental data for the analysis of the underground thermal environment variation and the heat balance. The results of this study will contribute toward the development of more creative methods for the mitigation of the impact of “heat accumulation” on the environment at the hot-summer and cold-winter climate zone. In addition, the method used in this work can be applied to other climate zones for the study of the thermal effect of the GSHP ground heat exchanger.

Suggested Citation

  • Xi, J. & Li, Y. & Liu, M. & Wang, R.Z., 2017. "Study on the thermal effect of the ground heat exchanger of GSHP in the eastern China area," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 56-65.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:141:y:2017:i:c:p:56-65
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.060
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036054421731544X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.060?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shang, Yan & Dong, Ming & Li, Sufen, 2014. "Intermittent experimental study of a vertical ground source heat pump system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 628-635.
    2. Law, Ying Lam E. & Dworkin, Seth B., 2016. "Characterization of the effects of borehole configuration and interference with long term ground temperature modelling of ground source heat pumps," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1032-1047.
    3. You, Tian & Wu, Wei & Shi, Wenxing & Wang, Baolong & Li, Xianting, 2016. "An overview of the problems and solutions of soil thermal imbalance of ground-coupled heat pumps in cold regions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 515-536.
    4. Michopoulos, A. & Zachariadis, T. & Kyriakis, N., 2013. "Operation characteristics and experience of a ground source heat pump system with a vertical ground heat exchanger," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 349-357.
    5. Yu, X. & Wang, R.Z. & Zhai, X.Q., 2011. "Year round experimental study on a constant temperature and humidity air-conditioning system driven by ground source heat pump," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 1309-1318.
    6. Yang, Wei, 2013. "Experimental performance analysis of a direct-expansion ground source heat pump in Xiangtan, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 334-339.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Yubo & Quan, Zhenhua & Zhao, Yaohua & Wang, Lincheng & Jing, Heran, 2022. "Operation mode performance and optimization of a novel coupled air and ground source heat pump system with energy storage: Case study of a hotel building," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 889-903.
    2. Wang, Guiling & Wang, Wanli & Luo, Jin & Zhang, Yuhao, 2019. "Assessment of three types of shallow geothermal resources and ground-source heat-pump applications in provincial capitals in the Yangtze River Basin, China," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 392-421.
    3. Abbas, Zulkarnain & Yong, Li & Abbas, Saqlain & Chen, Dongwen & Li, Y. & Wang, R.Z., 2021. "Performance analysis of seasonal soil heat storage system based on numerical simulation and experimental investigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 66-78.
    4. Gan, Guohui, 2018. "Dynamic thermal performance of horizontal ground source heat pumps – The impact of coupled heat and moisture transfer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 877-887.
    5. Jianan Liu & Hao Yu & Haoran Ji & Kunpeng Zhao & Chaoxian Lv & Peng Li, 2020. "Optimal Operation Strategy of a Community Integrated Energy System Constrained by the Seasonal Balance of Ground Source Heat Pumps," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-24, June.
    6. Qiao, Zhenyong & Long, Tianhe & Li, Wuyan & Zeng, Liyue & Li, Yongcai & Lu, Jun & Cheng, Yong & Xie, Ling & Yang, Lulu, 2020. "Performance assessment of ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs) in the Southwestern and Northwestern China: In situ measurement," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 214-227.
    7. Wenting Ma & Moon Keun Kim & Jianli Hao, 2019. "Numerical Simulation Modeling of a GSHP and WSHP System for an Office Building in the Hot Summer and Cold Winter Region of China: A Case Study in Suzhou," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-17, June.
    8. Seung-Min Lee & Seung-Hoon Park & Yong-Sung Jang & Eui-Jong Kim, 2021. "Proposition of Design Capacity of Borehole Heat Exchangers for Use in the Schematic-Design Stage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, February.
    9. Beragama Jathunge, Charaka & Darbandi, Amirhossein & Dworkin, Seth B. & Mwesigye, Aggrey, 2024. "Numerical investigation of the long-term thermal performance of a novel thermo-active foundation pile coupled with a ground source heat pump in a cold-climate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    10. Hongkyo Kim & Yujin Nam & Sangmu Bae & Jae Sang Choi & Sang Bum Kim, 2020. "A Study on the Effect of Performance Factor on GSHP System through Real-Scale Experiments in Korea," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-18, January.
    11. Shuiping Zhu & Jianjun Sun & Kaiyang Zhong & Haisheng Chen, 2021. "Numerical Investigation of the Influence of Precooling on the Thermal Performance of a Borehole Heat Exchanger," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-15, December.
    12. Jo, Ho Hyeon & Kang, Yujin & Yang, Sungwoong & Kim, Young Uk & Yun, Beom Yeol & Chang, Jae D. & Kim, Sumin, 2022. "Application and evaluation of phase change materials for improving photovoltaic power generation efficiency and roof overheating reduction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 1412-1425.
    13. Bi, Yuehong & Lyu, Tianli & Wang, Hongyan & Sun, Ruirui & Yu, Meize, 2019. "Parameter analysis of single U-tube GHE and dynamic simulation of underground temperature field round one year for GSHP," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 138-147.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hakkaki-Fard, Ali & Eslami-Nejad, Parham & Aidoun, Zine & Ouzzane, Mohamed, 2015. "A techno-economic comparison of a direct expansion ground-source and an air-source heat pump system in Canadian cold climates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 49-59.
    2. Wang, Yubo & Quan, Zhenhua & Zhao, Yaohua & Wang, Lincheng & Jing, Heran, 2022. "Operation mode performance and optimization of a novel coupled air and ground source heat pump system with energy storage: Case study of a hotel building," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 201(P1), pages 889-903.
    3. Karytsas, Spyridon & Choropanitis, Ioannis, 2017. "Barriers against and actions towards renewable energy technologies diffusion: A Principal Component Analysis for residential ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 252-271.
    4. Borge-Diez, David & Colmenar-Santos, Antonio & Pérez-Molina, Clara & López-Rey, África, 2015. "Geothermal source heat pumps under energy services companies finance scheme to increase energy efficiency and production in stockbreeding facilities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 821-836.
    5. Longo, L. & Colantoni, A. & Castellucci, S. & Carlini, M. & Vecchione, L. & Savuto, E. & Pallozzi, V. & Di Carlo, A. & Bocci, E. & Moneti, M. & Cocchi, S. & Boubaker, K., 2015. "DEA (data envelopment analysis)-assisted supporting measures for ground coupled heat pumps implementing in Italy: A case study," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P2), pages 1967-1972.
    6. Reda, Francesco & Arcuri, Natale & Loiacono, Pasquale & Mazzeo, Domenico, 2015. "Energy assessment of solar technologies coupled with a ground source heat pump system for residential energy supply in Southern European climates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 294-305.
    7. Zhou, Zhihua & Wu, Shengwei & Du, Tao & Chen, Guanyi & Zhang, Zhiming & Zuo, Jian & He, Qing, 2016. "The energy-saving effects of ground-coupled heat pump system integrated with borehole free cooling: A study in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 9-19.
    8. Lee, Joo Seong & Song, Kang Sub & Ahn, Jae Hwan & Kim, Yongchan, 2015. "Comparison on the transient cooling performances of hybrid ground-source heat pumps with various flow loop configurations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 678-685.
    9. Sivasakthivel, T. & Murugesan, K. & Sahoo, P.K., 2015. "Study of technical, economical and environmental viability of ground source heat pump system for Himalayan cities of India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 452-462.
    10. Raheb Mirzanamadi & Carl-Eric Hagentoft & Pär Johansson, 2018. "Numerical Investigation of Harvesting Solar Energy and Anti-Icing Road Surfaces Using a Hydronic Heating Pavement and Borehole Thermal Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-23, December.
    11. You, Tian & Wu, Wei & Yang, Hongxing & Liu, Jiankun & Li, Xianting, 2021. "Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal and ground source heat pump: Review and perspective," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
    12. Yang, Wei, 2013. "Experimental performance analysis of a direct-expansion ground source heat pump in Xiangtan, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 334-339.
    13. Farzaneh-Gord, Mahmood & Ghezelbash, Reza & Sadi, Meisam & Moghadam, Ali Jabari, 2016. "Integration of vertical ground-coupled heat pump into a conventional natural gas pressure drop station: Energy, economic and CO2 emission assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 998-1014.
    14. Sivasakthivel, T. & Murugesan, K. & Sahoo, P.K., 2014. "A study on energy and CO2 saving potential of ground source heat pump system in India," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 278-293.
    15. Pu, Liang & Xu, Lingling & Zhang, Shengqi & Li, Yanzhong, 2019. "Optimization of ground heat exchanger using microencapsulated phase change material slurry based on tree-shaped structure," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 860-869.
    16. Cassina, Lisa & Laloui, Lyesse & Rotta Loria, Alessandro F., 2022. "Thermal interactions among vertical geothermal borehole fields," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 1204-1220.
    17. Bakirci, Kadir & Colak, Derya, 2012. "Effect of a superheating and sub-cooling heat exchanger to the performance of a ground source heat pump system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 996-1004.
    18. Seo, Youngguk & Seo, Un-Jong, 2021. "Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems for horticulture greenhouses adjacent to highway interchanges: A case study in South Korea," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    19. Choi, Wonjun & Kikumoto, Hideki & Choudhary, Ruchi & Ooka, Ryozo, 2018. "Bayesian inference for thermal response test parameter estimation and uncertainty assessment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 306-321.
    20. Choi, Wonjun & Menberg, Kathrin & Kikumoto, Hideki & Heo, Yeonsook & Choudhary, Ruchi & Ooka, Ryozo, 2018. "Bayesian inference of structural error in inverse models of thermal response tests," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1473-1485.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:141:y:2017:i:c:p:56-65. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.