IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v130y2014icp41-50.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Towards a flexible energy system – A case study for Inland Norway

Author

Listed:
  • Hagos, Dejene Assefa
  • Gebremedhin, Alemayehu
  • Zethraeus, Björn

Abstract

This paper analyze the benefits of the use of bioenergy, solar thermal and wind energy in a flexible energy system to increase the share of renewable sources (RES) in primary energy supply, reduce primary energy consumption (PEC) and ensure power supply security in Inland Norway, and Norway at large. Firstly, the Inland reference energy system was built and validated using the EnergyPLAN system analysis tool based on the year 2009. Two alternative systems (scenarios), mainly of bio-heat and heat pumps in individual and district heating systems were then constructed and compared with the reference system using EnergyPLAN. The quality of a given energy system can be best described by its PEC, RES, emission levels and socio-economic costs. The result shows that it is plausible to improve the quality of the Inland energy system by optimal resource assortment in the energy mix. Integrated use of bio-heat and heat pumps in individual and district heating systems, as a replacement for direct electric heaters would reduce PEC and socio-economic costs considerably more than intensive bio-heating deployment alone, thereby increasing total domestic green electricity generation. The ability to integrate wind power and its value in the Inland energy system is more reflected by reducing imports of electricity during peak demand periods in winter, as wind power availability in the region is significant as opposed to the low precipitation during these periods. In addition, increasing wind energy penetration helps to limit biomass consumption in a district heating system built on heat pumps and bio-heat boilers.

Suggested Citation

  • Hagos, Dejene Assefa & Gebremedhin, Alemayehu & Zethraeus, Björn, 2014. "Towards a flexible energy system – A case study for Inland Norway," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 41-50.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:130:y:2014:i:c:p:41-50
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.05.022
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261914005170
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.05.022?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lund, Henrik, 2007. "Renewable energy strategies for sustainable development," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 912-919.
    2. Connolly, D. & Lund, H. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Leahy, M., 2010. "A review of computer tools for analysing the integration of renewable energy into various energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1059-1082, April.
    3. Raadal, Hanne Lerche & Dotzauer, Erik & Hanssen, Ole Jørgen & Kildal, Hans Petter, 2012. "The interaction between Electricity Disclosure and Tradable Green Certificates," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 419-428.
    4. Lund, H. & Möller, B. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Dyrelund, A., 2010. "The role of district heating in future renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 1381-1390.
    5. Seljom, Pernille & Rosenberg, Eva & Fidje, Audun & Haugen, Jan Erik & Meir, Michaela & Rekstad, John & Jarlset, Thore, 2011. "Modelling the effects of climate change on the energy system—A case study of Norway," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(11), pages 7310-7321.
    6. Connolly, D. & Lund, H. & Mathiesen, B.V. & Leahy, M., 2011. "The first step towards a 100% renewable energy-system for Ireland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(2), pages 502-507, February.
    7. Hong, Lixuan & Lund, Henrik & Möller, Bernd, 2012. "The importance of flexible power plant operation for Jiangsu's wind integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 499-507.
    8. Le, Ngoc Anh & Bhattacharyya, Subhes C., 2011. "Integration of wind power into the British system in 2020," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(10), pages 5975-5983.
    9. Lund, H. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2009. "Energy system analysis of 100% renewable energy systems—The case of Denmark in years 2030 and 2050," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 34(5), pages 524-531.
    10. Hedegaard, Karsten & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Lund, Henrik & Heiselberg, Per, 2012. "Wind power integration using individual heat pumps – Analysis of different heat storage options," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 284-293.
    11. Ćosić, Boris & Krajačić, Goran & Duić, Neven, 2012. "A 100% renewable energy system in the year 2050: The case of Macedonia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 80-87.
    12. Gebremedhin, Alemayehu, 2012. "Introducing District Heating in a Norwegian town – Potential for reduced Local and Global Emissions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 300-304.
    13. Rosenberg, Eva & Lind, Arne & Espegren, Kari Aamodt, 2013. "The impact of future energy demand on renewable energy production – Case of Norway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 419-431.
    14. Xi, Chen & Hongxing, Yang & Lin, Lu & Jinggang, Wang & Wei, Liu, 2011. "Experimental studies on a ground coupled heat pump with solar thermal collectors for space heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 5292-5300.
    15. Gullberg, Anne Therese, 2013. "The political feasibility of Norway as the ‘green battery’ of Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 615-623.
    16. Lund, Henrik & Duić, Neven & Krajac˘ić, Goran & Graça Carvalho, Maria da, 2007. "Two energy system analysis models: A comparison of methodologies and results," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(6), pages 948-954.
    17. Michopoulos, A. & Zachariadis, T. & Kyriakis, N., 2013. "Operation characteristics and experience of a ground source heat pump system with a vertical ground heat exchanger," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 349-357.
    18. Diakoulaki, D. & Karangelis, F., 2007. "Multi-criteria decision analysis and cost-benefit analysis of alternative scenarios for the power generation sector in Greece," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(4), pages 716-727, May.
    19. Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Lund, Henrik & Connolly, David, 2012. "Limiting biomass consumption for heating in 100% renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 48(1), pages 160-168.
    20. Tromborg, Erik & Bolkesjo, Torjus Folsland & Solberg, Birger, 2007. "Impacts of policy means for increased use of forest-based bioenergy in Norway--A spatial partial equilibrium analysis," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 5980-5990, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Ma, Weiwu & Xue, Xinpei & Liu, Gang, 2018. "Techno-economic evaluation for hybrid renewable energy system: Application and merits," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 385-409.
    2. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    3. Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Lund, Henrik, 2016. "Roles of local and national energy systems in the integration of renewable energy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 419-429.
    4. Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Lund, Henrik, 2017. "Cross-border versus cross-sector interconnectivity in renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 492-501.
    5. Mahbub, Md Shahriar & Cozzini, Marco & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Alberti, Fabrizio, 2016. "Combining multi-objective evolutionary algorithms and descriptive analytical modelling in energy scenario design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 140-151.
    6. Djørup, Søren & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Sorknæs, Peter, 2018. "The electricity market in a renewable energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 148-157.
    7. Chen, Jun & Rabiti, Cristian, 2017. "Synthetic wind speed scenarios generation for probabilistic analysis of hybrid energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 507-517.
    8. Vanegas Cantarero, María Mercedes, 2018. "Reviewing the Nicaraguan transition to a renewable energy system: Why is “business-as-usual” no longer an option?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 580-592.
    9. Assefa Hagos, Dejene & Gebremedhin, Alemayehu & Folsland Bolkesjø, Torjus, 2015. "Comparing the value of bioenergy in the heating and transport sectors of an electricity-intensive energy system in Norway," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 386-396.
    10. Duenas, Pablo & Ramos, Andres & Tapia-Ahumada, Karen & Olmos, Luis & Rivier, Michel & Pérez-Arriaga, Jose-Ignacio, 2018. "Security of supply in a carbon-free electric power system: The case of Iceland," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 443-454.
    11. Wang, Xiaonan & Palazoglu, Ahmet & El-Farra, Nael H., 2015. "Operational optimization and demand response of hybrid renewable energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 324-335.
    12. Chen, Jun & Garcia, Humberto E., 2016. "Economic optimization of operations for hybrid energy systems under variable markets," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 11-24.
    13. Vallera, A.M. & Nunes, P.M. & Brito, M.C., 2021. "Why we need battery swapping technology," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    14. Kwon, Pil Seok & Østergaard, Poul, 2014. "Assessment and evaluation of flexible demand in a Danish future energy scenario," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 309-320.
    15. Lund, Rasmus & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2015. "Large combined heat and power plants in sustainable energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 389-395.
    16. Sarker, Shiplu, 2016. "Feasibility analysis of a renewable hybrid energy system with producer gas generator fulfilling remote household electricity demand in Southern Norway," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(P1), pages 772-781.
    17. Menapace, Andrea & Thellufsen, Jakob Zinck & Pernigotto, Giovanni & Roberti, Francesca & Gasparella, Andrea & Righetti, Maurizio & Baratieri, Marco & Lund, Henrik, 2020. "The design of 100 % renewable smart urb an energy systems: The case of Bozen-Bolzano," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    18. Thellufsen, J.Z. & Lund, H. & Sorknæs, P. & Østergaard, P.A. & Chang, M. & Drysdale, D. & Nielsen, S. & Djørup, S.R. & Sperling, K., 2020. "Smart energy cities in a 100% renewable energy context," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    19. Hagos, Dejene Assefa & Gebremedhin, Alemayehu & Bolkesjø, Torjus Folsland, 2017. "The prospects of bioenergy in the future energy system of Inland Norway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 78-91.
    20. Askeland, Kristine & Bozhkova, Kristina N. & Sorknæs, Peter, 2019. "Balancing Europe: Can district heating affect the flexibility potential of Norwegian hydropower resources?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 646-656.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Østergaard, P.A. & Lund, H. & Thellufsen, J.Z. & Sorknæs, P. & Mathiesen, B.V., 2022. "Review and validation of EnergyPLAN," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    2. Kwon, Pil Seok & Østergaard, Poul Alberg, 2013. "Priority order in using biomass resources – Energy systems analyses of future scenarios for Denmark," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 86-94.
    3. Ma, Weiwu & Xue, Xinpei & Liu, Gang, 2018. "Techno-economic evaluation for hybrid renewable energy system: Application and merits," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 385-409.
    4. Zakeri, Behnam & Syri, Sanna & Rinne, Samuli, 2015. "Higher renewable energy integration into the existing energy system of Finland – Is there any maximum limit?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 92(P3), pages 244-259.
    5. Mahbub, Md Shahriar & Cozzini, Marco & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Alberti, Fabrizio, 2016. "Combining multi-objective evolutionary algorithms and descriptive analytical modelling in energy scenario design," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 140-151.
    6. Liu, Wen & Lund, Henrik & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2011. "Large-scale integration of wind power into the existing Chinese energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 4753-4760.
    7. Komušanac, Ivan & Ćosić, Boris & Duić, Neven, 2016. "Impact of high penetration of wind and solar PV generation on the country power system load: The case study of Croatia," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1470-1482.
    8. Hansen, Kenneth & Breyer, Christian & Lund, Henrik, 2019. "Status and perspectives on 100% renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 471-480.
    9. Assefa Hagos, Dejene & Gebremedhin, Alemayehu & Folsland Bolkesjø, Torjus, 2015. "Comparing the value of bioenergy in the heating and transport sectors of an electricity-intensive energy system in Norway," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 386-396.
    10. Behnam Zakeri & Samuli Rinne & Sanna Syri, 2015. "Wind Integration into Energy Systems with a High Share of Nuclear Power—What Are the Compromises?," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-35, March.
    11. Vinagre Díaz, Juan José & Wilby, Mark Richard & Rodríguez González, Ana Belén, 2015. "The wasted energy: A metric to set up appropriate targets in our path towards fully renewable energy systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 900-909.
    12. Ma, Tao & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Lund, Henrik & Yang, Hongxing & Lu, Lin, 2014. "An energy system model for Hong Kong in 2020," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 301-310.
    13. Lund, Henrik & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2012. "The role of Carbon Capture and Storage in a future sustainable energy system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 469-476.
    14. Mathiesen, B.V. & Lund, H. & Connolly, D. & Wenzel, H. & Østergaard, P.A. & Möller, B. & Nielsen, S. & Ridjan, I. & Karnøe, P. & Sperling, K. & Hvelplund, F.K., 2015. "Smart Energy Systems for coherent 100% renewable energy and transport solutions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 139-154.
    15. Caballero, F. & Sauma, E. & Yanine, F., 2013. "Business optimal design of a grid-connected hybrid PV (photovoltaic)-wind energy system without energy storage for an Easter Island's block," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 248-261.
    16. Xiong, Weiming & Wang, Yu & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Lund, Henrik & Zhang, Xiliang, 2015. "Heat roadmap China: New heat strategy to reduce energy consumption towards 2030," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 274-285.
    17. Vidal-Amaro, Juan José & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Sheinbaum-Pardo, Claudia, 2015. "Optimal energy mix for transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources – The case of the Mexican electricity system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 80-96.
    18. Dominković, D.F. & Weinand, J.M. & Scheller, F. & D'Andrea, M. & McKenna, R., 2022. "Reviewing two decades of energy system analysis with bibliometrics," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 153(C).
    19. Lund, Rasmus & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2015. "Large combined heat and power plants in sustainable energy systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 389-395.
    20. Hong, Lixuan & Lund, Henrik & Mathiesen, Brian Vad & Möller, Bernd, 2013. "2050 pathway to an active renewable energy scenario for Jiangsu province," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 267-278.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:130:y:2014:i:c:p:41-50. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.