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A hybrid compressed natural gas-pneumatic system as a powering option for buses: A comparative assessment

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  • Karaca, Ali Erdogan
  • Dincer, Ibrahim

Abstract

In response to environmental, energy, and efficiency problems of conventional vehicles, research and innovation on potential electrical, hydrogen, pneumatic, and hybrid solutions have recently been carried out by numerous researchers. The current study develops and evaluates a hybrid type compressed natural gas (CNG)-pneumatic powertrain concept for common buses to provide a cleaner solution for public transportation. In terms of tank-to-wheel efficiency, well-to-wheel efficiency, energy consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) emission, capital cost and driving range, the proposed system is comparatively evaluated with various powering options. The buses considered in the study are named based on powering fuel type: diesel, compressed natural gas (CNG), electricity, hybrid diesel-electric, hydrogen fuel cell and hybrid CNG-pneumatic. Moreover, an operational reliability concept is developed as an additional assessment criterion to define the most reliable powering choice. The operating conditions and related parameters of the proposed concept are given, and the obtained performance values of the concept are discussed through the comparative assessment study. The current results show that the hybrid CNG-pneumatic bus emits 0.80 kg CO2 per km, making it the second nature-friendly option after the hydrogen fuel cell bus (0.312 kg CO2/km). Furthermore, in terms of operational reliability, the results reveal that the hybrid CNG-pneumatic bus is the most reliable option, with values of up to 66% amongst the evaluated options.

Suggested Citation

  • Karaca, Ali Erdogan & Dincer, Ibrahim, 2021. "A hybrid compressed natural gas-pneumatic system as a powering option for buses: A comparative assessment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:230:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221011130
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120865
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wasbari, F. & Bakar, R.A. & Gan, L.M. & Tahir, M.M. & Yusof, A.A., 2017. "A review of compressed-air hybrid technology in vehicle system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 935-953.
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    1. Karaca, Ali Erdogan & Dincer, Ibrahim & Nitefor, Michael, 2022. "Analysis of a newly developed hybrid pneumatic powertrain configuration for transit bus applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).
    2. García, Antonio & Monsalve-Serrano, Javier & Lago Sari, Rafael & Tripathi, Shashwat, 2022. "Life cycle CO₂ footprint reduction comparison of hybrid and electric buses for bus transit networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    3. Yonghong Xu & Xin Wang & Hongguang Zhang & Fubin Yang & Jia Liang & Hailong Yang & Kai Niu & Zhuxian Liu & Yan Wang & Yuting Wu, 2022. "Experimental Investigation of the Output Performance of Compressed-Air-Powered Vehicles with a Pneumatic Motor," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-21, November.

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