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Fuel consumption and transportation emissions evaluation of mixed traffic flow with connected automated vehicles and human-driven vehicles on expressway

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  • Yao, Zhihong
  • Wang, Yi
  • Liu, Bo
  • Zhao, Bin
  • Jiang, Yangsheng

Abstract

The application of connected and automated vehicles can significantly reduce traffic congestion, fuel consumption, and transportation emissions. Most existing studies on connected and automated vehicles focus on improving traffic efficiency; the impact on fuel consumption and transportation emissions is not concerned. This study evaluates the influence of connected and automated vehicles on fuel consumption and emissions of mixed traffic flow on the expressway. Firstly, fuel consumption and transportation emissions models are introduced. Secondly, three car-following models are employed to capture the car-following behaviors in the mixed traffic flow. Then, a numerical simulation is designed to investigate the influence of connected and automated vehicles on fuel consumption and transportation emissions of mixed traffic flow. Finally, some factors that impacted fuel consumption and transportation emissions of mixed traffic flow are discussed. The simulation results show that connected automated vehicles can significantly reduce fuel consumption and transportation emissions. The maximum reduction percentages of HC, NOx, CO, and fuel consumption are 24.33%, 27.06%, 37.53%, and 40.58%, respectively, at 100% penetration rate of connected automated vehicles. Moreover, the parameters of the car-following models have a significant influence on fuel consumption and transportation emissions. The result indicates that the design of more minor expected headway would significantly improve the energy-saving and emissions reduction effect of connected automated vehicles.

Suggested Citation

  • Yao, Zhihong & Wang, Yi & Liu, Bo & Zhao, Bin & Jiang, Yangsheng, 2021. "Fuel consumption and transportation emissions evaluation of mixed traffic flow with connected automated vehicles and human-driven vehicles on expressway," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:230:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221010148
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120766
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    3. Li, Yun & Zhang, Wenshan & Zhang, Shengrui & Pan, Yingjiu & Zhou, Bei & Jiao, Shuaiyang & Wang, Jianpo, 2024. "An improved eco-driving strategy for mixed platoons of autonomous and human-driven vehicles," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 641(C).
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    9. Qi, Weiwei & Zou, Zhenyu & Ruan, Lianjie & Wu, Jiabin, 2024. "Method for designing fuel-efficient highway longitudinal slopes for intelligent vehicles in eco-driving scenarios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 368(C).
    10. Jiang, Yangsheng & Cong, Hongwei & Wang, Yi & Wu, Yunxia & Li, Hongwu & Yao, Zhihong, 2023. "A new control strategy of CAVs platoon for mitigating traffic oscillation in a two-lane highway," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 630(C).
    11. Jiang, Yangsheng & Tan, Li & Xiao, Guosheng & Wu, Yunxia & Yao, Zhihong, 2024. "Platoon-aware cooperative lane-changing strategy for connected automated vehicles in mixed traffic flow," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 640(C).
    12. Dong, Jiakuan & Luo, Dongyu & Gao, Zhijun & Wang, Jiangfeng & Chen, Lei, 2023. "Benefit of connectivity on promoting stability and capacity of traffic flow in automation era: An analytical and numerical investigation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 629(C).
    13. Yao, Zhihong & Gu, Qiufan & Jiang, Yangsheng & Ran, Bin, 2022. "Fundamental diagram and stability of mixed traffic flow considering platoon size and intensity of connected automated vehicles," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 604(C).
    14. Penghui Qiang & Peng Wu & Tao Pan & Huaiquan Zang, 2021. "Real-Time Approximate Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy Based on the Single-Shaft Parallel Hybrid Powertrain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-22, November.
    15. Jiang, Chenming & Yin, Shicong & Yao, Zhihong & He, Junliang & Jiang, Rui & Jiang, Yu, 2024. "Safety evaluation of mixed traffic flow with truck platoons equipped with (cooperative) adaptive cruise control, stochastic human-driven cars and trucks on port freeways," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 643(C).
    16. Pei, Yulong & Pan, Sheng & Wen, Yuhang, 2024. "Analysis of roadway capacity for heterogeneous traffic flows considering the degree of trust of drivers of HVs in CAVs," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 639(C).
    17. Junyan Han & Xiaoyuan Wang & Gang Wang, 2022. "Modeling the Car-Following Behavior with Consideration of Driver, Vehicle, and Environment Factors: A Historical Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-27, July.
    18. Chen, Shuiwang & Hu, Lu & Yao, Zhihong & Zhu, Juanxiu & Zhao, Bin & Jiang, Yangsheng, 2022. "Efficient and environmentally friendly operation of intermittent dedicated lanes for connected autonomous vehicles in mixed traffic environments," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 608(P2).
    19. Yang, Yichen & Li, Zuxing & Li, Yabin & Cao, Tianyu & Li, Zhipeng, 2023. "Stability enhancement for traffic flow via self–stabilizing control strategy in the presence of packet loss," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 622(C).
    20. Peng, Guanghan & Luo, Chunli & Zhao, Hongzhuan & Tan, Huili, 2024. "Phase transitions of dual-lane lattice model incorporating cyber-attacks on lane change involving inflow and outflow under connected vehicles environment," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 181(C).
    21. Tu, Huizhao & Zhao, Liying & Tu, Ran & Li, Hao, 2024. "The energy-saving effect of early-stage autonomous vehicles: A case study and recommendations in a metropolitan area," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    22. Jiang, Yangsheng & Wang, Sichen & Yao, Zhihong & Zhao, Bin & Wang, Yi, 2021. "A cellular automata model for mixed traffic flow considering the driving behavior of connected automated vehicle platoons," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 582(C).
    23. He, Yongming & Kang, Jia & Pei, Yulong & Ran, Bin & Song, Yuting, 2021. "Research on influencing factors of fuel consumption on superhighway based on DEMATEL-ISM model," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).

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