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Temperature control of a low-temperature district heating network with Model Predictive Control and Mixed-Integer Quadratically Constrained Programming

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  • Hering, Dominik
  • Cansev, Mehmet Ege
  • Tamassia, Eugenio
  • Xhonneux, André
  • Müller, Dirk

Abstract

District heating networks transport thermal energy from one or more sources to a plurality of consumers. Lowering the operating temperatures of district heating networks is a key research topic to reduce energy losses and unlock the potential of low-temperature heat sources, such as waste heat. With an increasing share of uncontrolled heat sources in district heating networks, control strategies to coordinate energy supply and network operation become more important. This paper focuses on the modeling, control, and optimization of a low-temperature district heating network, presenting a case study with a high share of waste heat from high-performance computers. The network consists of heat pumps with temperature-dependent characteristics. In this paper, quadratic correlations are used to model temperature characteristics. Thus, a mixed-integer quadratically-constrained program is presented that optimizes the operation of heat pumps in combination with thermal energy storages and the operating temperatures of a pipe network. The network operation is optimized for three sample days. The presented optimization model uses the flexibility of the thermal energy storages and thermal inertia of the network by controlling its flow and return temperatures. The results show savings of electrical energy consumption of 1.55%–5.49%, depending on heat and cool demand.

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  • Hering, Dominik & Cansev, Mehmet Ege & Tamassia, Eugenio & Xhonneux, André & Müller, Dirk, 2021. "Temperature control of a low-temperature district heating network with Model Predictive Control and Mixed-Integer Quadratically Constrained Programming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:224:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221003893
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120140
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    3. Hering, Dominik & Xhonneux, André & Müller, Dirk, 2021. "Design optimization of a heating network with multiple heat pumps using mixed integer quadratically constrained programming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    4. Hering, Dominik & Faller, Michael R. & Xhonneux, André & Müller, Dirk, 2022. "Operational optimization of a 4th generation district heating network with mixed integer quadratically constrained programming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    5. Jansen, Jelger & Jorissen, Filip & Helsen, Lieve, 2024. "Mixed-integer non-linear model predictive control of district heating networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 361(C).
    6. Angelidis, O. & Ioannou, A. & Friedrich, D. & Thomson, A. & Falcone, G., 2023. "District heating and cooling networks with decentralised energy substations: Opportunities and barriers for holistic energy system decarbonisation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    7. Liu, Zhikai & Zhang, Huan & Wang, Yaran & Song, Zixu & You, Shijun & Jiang, Yan & Wu, Zhangxiang, 2022. "A thermal-hydraulic coupled simulation approach for the temperature and flow rate control strategy evaluation of the multi-room radiator heating system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    8. Liu, Zhikai & Zhang, Huan & Wang, Yaran & Fan, Xianwang & You, Shijun & Jiang, Yan & Gao, Xinlei, 2023. "Optimization of hydraulic distribution using loop adjustment method in meshed district heating system with multiple heat sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    9. Lizárraga-Morazán, Juan Ramón & Picón-Núñez, Martín, 2023. "Optimal sizing and control strategy of low temperature solar thermal utility systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PC).
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