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An efficient numerical solution method for detailed modelling of large 5th generation district heating and cooling networks

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  • Hirsch, Hauke
  • Nicolai, Andreas

Abstract

Numerical simulations of district heating and cooling networks constitute a valuable tool for system design and optimization. This paper presents a novel thermo-hydraulic network model, which addresses particularly large 5th generation district heating and cooling (5GDHC) networks. We take into account the current flow regime for heat loss calculation, which significantly improves accuracy during zero mass flux compared to a widely used literature model. We demonstrate our model's capability on a real-world 5GDHC network with 6 km length and 180 distributed heat pumps. In contrast to existing models, we take into account the temperature dependency of the viscosity, which leads to a deviation of up to 65% in pressure drop in the given example. Yet, the performance of our implementation is considerably higher in comparison to simplified models of similar size that use generic equation solver, such as Modelica, as we avoid typical performance issues due to tight coupling and solution of large equation systems. The model is implemented using error-controlled, adaptive time step solver CVODE and made available as open-source project for reference and general usage.

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  • Hirsch, Hauke & Nicolai, Andreas, 2022. "An efficient numerical solution method for detailed modelling of large 5th generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:255:y:2022:i:c:s0360544222013883
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.124485
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    10. Lund, Henrik & Østergaard, Poul Alberg & Nielsen, Tore Bach & Werner, Sven & Thorsen, Jan Eric & Gudmundsson, Oddgeir & Arabkoohsar, Ahmad & Mathiesen, Brian Vad, 2021. "Perspectives on fourth and fifth generation district heating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
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    1. Jordi García-Céspedes & Ignasi Herms & Georgina Arnó & José Juan de Felipe, 2022. "Fifth-Generation District Heating and Cooling Networks Based on Shallow Geothermal Energy: A review and Possible Solutions for Mediterranean Europe," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-31, December.
    2. Sun, Chunhua & Yuan, Lingyu & Cao, Shanshan & Xia, Guoqiang & Liu, Yanan & Wu, Xiangdong, 2023. "Identifying supply-demand mismatches in district heating system based on association rule mining," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    3. Calise, Francesco & Cappiello, Francesco Liberato & Cimmino, Luca & Vicidomini, Maria & Petrakopoulou, Fontina, 2024. "Thermoeconomic analysis of a novel topology of a 5th generation district energy network for a commercial user," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 371(C).
    4. Mengting Jiang & Camilo Rindt & David M. J. Smeulders, 2022. "Optimal Planning of Future District Heating Systems—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-38, September.
    5. Calise, Francesco & Cappiello, Francesco Liberato & Cimmino, Luca & Dentice d’Accadia, Massimo & Vicidomini, Maria, 2023. "A comparative thermoeconomic analysis of fourth generation and fifth generation district heating and cooling networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).
    6. Quirosa, Gonzalo & Torres, Miguel & Becerra, José A. & Jiménez-Espadafor, Francisco J. & Chacartegui, Ricardo, 2023. "Energy analysis of an ultra-low temperature district heating and cooling system with coaxial borehole heat exchangers," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(PA).
    7. Yao, Shuai & Wu, Jianzhong & Qadrdan, Meysam, 2024. "A state-of-the-art analysis and perspectives on the 4th/5th generation district heating and cooling systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    8. Boghetti, Roberto & Kämpf, Jérôme H., 2024. "Verification of an open-source Python library for the simulation of district heating networks with complex topologies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    9. Buonomano, A. & Forzano, C. & Mongibello, L. & Palombo, A. & Russo, G., 2024. "Optimising low-temperature district heating networks: A simulation-based approach with experimental verification," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    10. Meibodi, Saleh S. & Rees, Simon & Loveridge, Fleur, 2024. "Modeling district heating pipelines using a hybrid dynamic thermal network approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).

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