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Energy saving in the process of bioethanol production from renewable paper mill sludge

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  • Salameh, Tareq
  • Tawalbeh, Muhammad
  • Al-Shannag, Mohammad
  • Saidan, Motasem
  • Melhem, Khalid Bani
  • Alkasrawi, Malek

Abstract

Paper mill sludge (PMS) can be efficiently utilized to produce fuels and chemicals. However, wastewater is usually generated during the de-ashing step of the PMS for fibrous materials recovery. Per process requirements, the wastewater stream must be treated which results in an increase in the overall process production cost. Therefore, this research aims at reusing the wastewater produced during the de-ashing step as a substitute for freshwater addition during the conversion of PMS into ethanol. The advantages of this approach include reducing the amount of wastewater produced and enhancing the overall efficiency of the process. It will contribute to the circular economy of zero waste discharges. The results showed that 30% of the process wastewater can be recycled without affecting the enzymatic hydrolysis and ethanol fermentation. Hence, the amount of wastewater that needs to be treated is reduced by 30% resulting in a cost reduction of 22.5%. The results also showed that wastewater recycling minimized the energy demands in the distillation and evaporation units by 1206 kJ/kg. The energy reduction is due to the increase of metals and total soluble solids in the broth stream after fermentation. This process configuration enhanced the process economy, saved energy and managed waste streams.

Suggested Citation

  • Salameh, Tareq & Tawalbeh, Muhammad & Al-Shannag, Mohammad & Saidan, Motasem & Melhem, Khalid Bani & Alkasrawi, Malek, 2020. "Energy saving in the process of bioethanol production from renewable paper mill sludge," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 196(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:196:y:2020:i:c:s0360544220301924
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.117085
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    Cited by:

    1. Lei Han & Jinling Li & Chengtun Qu & Zhiguo Shao & Tao Yu & Bo Yang, 2022. "Recent Progress in Sludge Co-Pyrolysis Technology," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-12, June.
    2. Chong, Ting Yen & Cheah, Siang Aun & Ong, Chin Tye & Wong, Lee Yi & Goh, Chern Rui & Tan, Inn Shi & Foo, Henry Chee Yew & Lam, Man Kee & Lim, Steven, 2020. "Techno-economic evaluation of third-generation bioethanol production utilizing the macroalgae waste: A case study in Malaysia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C).
    3. Ebtihal A. AlDayyat & Motasem N. Saidan & Zayed Al-Hamamre & Mohammad Al-Addous & Malek Alkasrawi, 2021. "Pyrolysis of Solid Waste for Bio-Oil and Char Production in Refugees’ Camp: A Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-11, June.
    4. Alkasrawi, Malek & Al-Othman, Amani & Tawalbeh, Muhammad & Doncan, Shona & Gurram, Raghu & Singsaas, Eric & Almomani, Fares & Al-Asheh, Sameer, 2021. "A novel technique of paper mill sludge conversion to bioethanol toward sustainable energy production: Effect of fiber recovery on the saccharification hydrolysis and fermentation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    5. Mohammad Alnaief & Arwa Sandouqa & Ibrahem Altarawneh & Mohammad Al-Shannag & Malek Alkasrawi & Zayed Al-hamamre, 2020. "Adsorption Characteristics and Potential of Olive Cake Alkali Residues for Biodiesel Purification," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-12, December.
    6. Shona M. Duncan & Malek Alkasrawi & Raghu Gurram & Fares Almomani & Amy E Wiberley-Bradford & Eric Singsaas, 2020. "Paper Mill Sludge as a Source of Sugars for Use in the Production of Bioethanol and Isoprene," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-12, September.
    7. Remston Martis & Amani Al-Othman & Muhammad Tawalbeh & Malek Alkasrawi, 2020. "Energy and Economic Analysis of Date Palm Biomass Feedstock for Biofuel Production in UAE: Pyrolysis, Gasification and Fermentation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-34, November.

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