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Computing welfare-Maximizing fair allocations of indivisible goods

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  • Aziz, Haris
  • Huang, Xin
  • Mattei, Nicholas
  • Segal-Halevi, Erel

Abstract

We analyze the run-time complexity of computing allocations that are both fair and maximize the utilitarian social welfare, defined as the sum of agents’ utilities. We focus on two tractable fairness concepts: envy-freeness up to one item (EF1) and proportionality up to one item (PROP1). We consider two computational problems: (1) Among the utilitarian-maximal allocations, decide whether there exists one that is also fair; (2) among the fair allocations, compute one that maximizes the utilitarian welfare. We show that both problems are strongly NP-hard when the number of agents is variable, and remain NP-hard for a fixed number of agents greater than two. For the special case of two agents, we find that problem (1) is polynomial-time solvable, while problem (2) remains NP-hard. Finally, with a fixed number of agents, we design pseudopolynomial-time algorithms for both problems. We extend our results to the stronger fairness notions envy-freeness up to any item (EFx) and proportionality up to any item (PROPx).

Suggested Citation

  • Aziz, Haris & Huang, Xin & Mattei, Nicholas & Segal-Halevi, Erel, 2023. "Computing welfare-Maximizing fair allocations of indivisible goods," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 307(2), pages 773-784.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:307:y:2023:i:2:p:773-784
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2022.10.013
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    References listed on IDEAS

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