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Understanding the decline in the U.S. labor share: Evidence from occupational tasks

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  • vom Lehn, Christian

Abstract

In this paper, I provide empirical evidence linking the decline in the labor share to the replacement of occupations with substantial routine task content. Using cross-industry variation, I show that the overall labor share decline is driven by the replacement of occupations specializing in routine tasks. I further find that the accelerated decline in the labor share since 2000 is associated with the replacement of higher skill occupations with substantial routine task content. Finally, I estimate the effects of increased import competition on the labor share decline and how this relates to the replacement of occupational tasks. While increased import competition plays a significant role in explaining the overall labor share decline and works through replacing routine occupations, it cannot account for the accelerated labor share decline and replacement of higher skill occupations post-2000.

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  • vom Lehn, Christian, 2018. "Understanding the decline in the U.S. labor share: Evidence from occupational tasks," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 191-220.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eecrev:v:108:y:2018:i:c:p:191-220
    DOI: 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2018.07.005
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    3. Castex, Gonzalo & (Stanley) Cho, Sang-Wook & Dechter, Evgenia, 2022. "The decline in capital-skill complementarity," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    4. Gries, Thomas & Naude, Wim, 2020. "Artificial Intelligence, Income Distribution and Economic Growth," VfS Annual Conference 2020 (Virtual Conference): Gender Economics 224623, Verein für Socialpolitik / German Economic Association.
    5. Lee Ohanian & Musa Orak & Shihan Shen, 2023. "Revisiting Capital-Skill Complementarity, Inequality, and Labor Share," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 51, pages 479-505, December.
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    8. Irina Yakovenko, 2020. "Fuzzy Stochastic Automation Model for Decision Support in the Process Inter-Budgetary Regulation," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-17, December.
    9. Zheng, Zhijie & Wan, Xi & Huang, Chien-Yu, 2023. "Inflation and income inequality in a Schumpeterian economy with heterogeneous wealth and skills," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 121(C).
    10. Yonghun Jung & Seong-Hoon Lee & Jong Kook Shin, 2025. "Automation & the Future of Work: When Artificial Intelligence Meets Schumpeterian Innovators," Korean Economic Review, Korean Economic Association, vol. 41, pages 5-41.
    11. Paul Gaggl & Aspen Gorry & Christian vom Lehn, 2023. "Structural Change in Production Networks and Economic Growth," CESifo Working Paper Series 10460, CESifo.
    12. Yu, Jingyuan & Zhao, Heyun & Mo, Longjiong, 2023. "Can social insurance contributions boost labor share?—Evidence from China’s social insurance law," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 701-715.
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    14. Mary O'Mahony & Michela Vecchi & Francesco Venturini, 2019. "Technology, Intangible Assets and the Decline of the Labor Share," Economic Statistics Centre of Excellence (ESCoE) Discussion Papers ESCoE DP-2019-17, Economic Statistics Centre of Excellence (ESCoE).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Labor share; Tasks; Routine occupations; Import competition;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E25 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment - - - Aggregate Factor Income Distribution
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • F16 - International Economics - - Trade - - - Trade and Labor Market Interactions

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