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Making the best possible choice: Using agent-based modelling to inform wildlife management in small communities

Author

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  • Crevier, Lucas Phillip
  • Salkeld, Joseph H
  • Marley, Jessa
  • Parrott, Lael

Abstract

Human-wildlife interactions occur where human societies interface with the natural landscape. Some of these interactions can be problematic and lead to negative outcomes, such as the destruction of property or injury to humans or wildlife, especially when they involve large carnivores such as bears. Developing management strategies to mitigate these negative outcomes can be costly, time-consuming, and ethically problematic. We developed an agent-based model of black bears foraging in the forest-urban interface of a small resort community to simulate and test a variety of management strategies. The model allows to quickly and cost-effectively identify those strategies, such as attractant management and deterrence measures, that are most likely to reduce the number of bears that become habituated to human areas and conditioned to anthropogenic food sources. Although increasing the likelihood that a bear is deterred from human areas did have some effect, model outcomes indicated that the elimination of sources of anthropogenic food was the more effective management strategy. However, the model also revealed that interactions between the spatial configurations of these two approaches impacted the overall effectiveness of each. Notably, the random distribution of an increase in deterrence across the area of interest in conjunction with a focus on attractant removal around the perimeter of said area was the most effective spatial implementation of the two strategies together. This result provides a quantitative confirmation that reducing anthropogenic food availability should be the highest priority for managers seeking to reduce the number of conflict bears in urban areas, but also that the spatial configuration of any applied strategies is important to consider. The agent-based modelling approach proved a fast and cost-effective way to compare a variety of possible management strategies and the different ways in which they can be arranged in a specific landscape.

Suggested Citation

  • Crevier, Lucas Phillip & Salkeld, Joseph H & Marley, Jessa & Parrott, Lael, 2021. "Making the best possible choice: Using agent-based modelling to inform wildlife management in small communities," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 446(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:446:y:2021:i:c:s0304380021000764
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2021.109505
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Marley, Jessa & Hyde, Andrea & Salkeld, Joseph H. & Prima, Marie-Caroline & Parrott, Lael & Senger, Susan E. & Tyson, Rebecca C., 2017. "Does human education reduce conflicts between humans and bears? An agent-based modelling approach," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 343(C), pages 15-24.
    2. Volker Grimm & Steven F. Railsback & Christian E. Vincenot & Uta Berger & Cara Gallagher & Donald L. DeAngelis & Bruce Edmonds & Jiaqi Ge & Jarl Giske & Jürgen Groeneveld & Alice S.A. Johnston & Alex, 2020. "The ODD Protocol for Describing Agent-Based and Other Simulation Models: A Second Update to Improve Clarity, Replication, and Structural Realism," Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, vol. 23(2), pages 1-7.
    3. Grimm, Volker & Berger, Uta & DeAngelis, Donald L. & Polhill, J. Gary & Giske, Jarl & Railsback, Steven F., 2010. "The ODD protocol: A review and first update," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 221(23), pages 2760-2768.
    4. Marley, Jessa & Salkeld, Joseph H. & Hamilton, Tony & Senger, Susan E. & Tyson, Rebecca C. & Parrott, Lael, 2019. "Individual-based modelling of black bear (Ursus americanus) foraging in Whistler, BC: Reducing human-bear interactions," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 407(C), pages 1-1.
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