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An early look at parental expectation towards early childhood education among Pakistani parents in Hong Kong: The role of culture and acculturation

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  • Chan, Yau Yu
  • Li, Jian-Bin

Abstract

It is commonly believed that ethnic minority (EM) parents tend to have low expectation towards their children’s education due to adverse social and economic status, but other studies suggest EM parents would have high expectation because they want their children to gain upward social mobility. In this study, we compared Pakistani parents’ expectation towards early childhood education (ECE) with Hong Kong parents and examined the role of acculturation in Pakistani parents’ expectation towards ECE. Participants were 73 first-generation Pakistani parents living in Hong Kong and 214 Hong Kong parents. They filled in questionnaires that measured expectation towards ECE. Pakistani parents also answered a questionnaire that captured the degree of acculturation. Results of moderation analysis revealed significant interactions between culture and child gender in all the dimensions of parental expectation towards ECE. Specifically, Pakistani parents reported higher expectation towards ECE than Hong Kong parents. Moreover, Pakistani parents generally reported significantly higher expectation for boys than for girls, while Hong Kong parents’ expectation towards girls was significantly higher than boys with a few exceptions. Moreover, regression analyses showed that integration and marginalization were positively related to several dimensions of parental expectation. These findings provide pioneer understanding about expectation towards ECE among Pakistani parents in Hong Kong and shed light on the promotion of gender-equality ECE.

Suggested Citation

  • Chan, Yau Yu & Li, Jian-Bin, 2020. "An early look at parental expectation towards early childhood education among Pakistani parents in Hong Kong: The role of culture and acculturation," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:119:y:2020:i:c:s0190740920320752
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105652
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lih-Shing Chan & Kee-Lee Chou, 2018. "A Survey of Asset Poverty Among Older Adults of Hong Kong," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 138(2), pages 605-622, July.
    2. Joyce J Endendijk & Marleen G Groeneveld & Marian J Bakermans-Kranenburg & Judi Mesman, 2016. "Gender-Differentiated Parenting Revisited: Meta-Analysis Reveals Very Few Differences in Parental Control of Boys and Girls," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 11(7), pages 1-33, July.
    3. Elizabeth Raleigh & Grace Kao, 2010. "Do Immigrant Minority Parents Have More Consistent College Aspirations for Their Children?," Social Science Quarterly, Southwestern Social Science Association, vol. 91(4), pages 1083-1102, December.
    4. Kelvin Chi-Kin Cheung & Kee-Lee Chou, 2018. "Child Poverty Among Hong Kong Ethnic Minorities," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 137(1), pages 93-112, May.
    5. Mahpara Begum Sadaquat & Qurra‐tul‐ain Ali Sheikh, 2011. "Employment situation of women in Pakistan," International Journal of Social Economics, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 38(2), pages 98-113, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiaoou Man & Jiatong Liu & Yutong Bai, 2021. "The Influence of Discrepancies between Parents’ Educational Aspirations and Children’s Educational Expectations on Depressive Symptoms of Left-Behind Children in Rural China: The Mediating Role of Sel," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(21), pages 1-13, November.
    2. Yang, Wanni & Wang, Ge & Li, Shaoping & Guo, Yuhe & Tang, Yalin & Li, Mingyuan & Liu, Chengfang & Chen, Chevin, 2021. "Development Challenges and Preschool Education in China," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315365, International Association of Agricultural Economists.

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