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Modeling the random effects covariance matrix for generalized linear mixed models

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  • Lee, Keunbaik
  • Lee, JungBok
  • Hagan, Joseph
  • Yoo, Jae Keun

Abstract

Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) are commonly used to analyze longitudinal categorical data. In these models, we typically assume that the random effects covariance matrix is constant across the subject and is restricted because of its high dimensionality and its positive definiteness. However, the covariance matrix may differ by measured covariates in many situations, and ignoring this heterogeneity can result in biased estimates of the fixed effects. In this paper, we propose a heterogenous random effects covariance matrix, which depends on covariates, obtained using the modified Cholesky decomposition. This decomposition results in parameters that can be easily modeled without concern that the resulting estimator will not be positive definite. The parameters have a sensible interpretation. We analyze metabolic syndrome data from a Korean Genomic Epidemiology Study using our proposed model.

Suggested Citation

  • Lee, Keunbaik & Lee, JungBok & Hagan, Joseph & Yoo, Jae Keun, 2012. "Modeling the random effects covariance matrix for generalized linear mixed models," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 56(6), pages 1545-1551.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:csdana:v:56:y:2012:i:6:p:1545-1551
    DOI: 10.1016/j.csda.2011.09.011
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kenneth L. Judd, 1998. "Numerical Methods in Economics," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 0262100711, April.
    2. Jianxin Pan, 2003. "On modelling mean-covariance structures in longitudinal studies," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 90(1), pages 239-244, March.
    3. Michael J. Daniels, 2002. "Bayesian analysis of covariance matrices and dynamic models for longitudinal data," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 89(3), pages 553-566, August.
    4. M. Pourahmadi & M. J. Daniels, 2002. "Dynamic Conditionally Linear Mixed Models for Longitudinal Data," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 58(1), pages 225-231, March.
    5. Gonzalez, Jorge & Tuerlinckx, Francis & De Boeck, Paul & Cools, Ronald, 2006. "Numerical integration in logistic-normal models," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 51(3), pages 1535-1548, December.
    6. Patrick J. Heagerty, 1999. "Marginally Specified Logistic-Normal Models for Longitudinal Binary Data," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 55(3), pages 688-698, September.
    7. Keunbaik Lee & Sanggil Kang & Xuefeng Liu & Daekwan Seo, 2011. "Likelihood-based approach for analysis of longitudinal nominal data using marginalized random effects models," Journal of Applied Statistics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 38(8), pages 1577-1590, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Lee, Keunbaik & Yoo, Jae Keun, 2014. "Bayesian Cholesky factor models in random effects covariance matrix for generalized linear mixed models," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 111-116.
    2. Keunbaik Lee & Hoimin Jung & Jae Keun Yoo, 2019. "Modeling of the ARMA random effects covariance matrix in logistic random effects models," Statistical Methods & Applications, Springer;Società Italiana di Statistica, vol. 28(2), pages 281-299, June.
    3. Gul Inan & Ozlem Ilk, 2019. "A marginalized multilevel model for bivariate longitudinal binary data," Statistical Papers, Springer, vol. 60(3), pages 601-628, June.
    4. Lee, Keunbaik & Baek, Changryong & Daniels, Michael J., 2017. "ARMA Cholesky factor models for the covariance matrix of linear models," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 267-280.

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