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Potential of using organic fertilizer to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris for biodiesel production

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  • Lam, Man Kee
  • Lee, Keat Teong

Abstract

Cultivating microalgae at industrial scale for biodiesel production required substantial amount of mineral fertilizer, typically nitrogen and phosphorus. In fact, the production of mineral fertilizer implies the usage of energy and fossil fuels resulting to unsustainable practise in a long term. On the other hand, organic fertilizer which is derived from food waste, biomass or manure also contains high value of nutrients that can support microalgae growth. Hence, in the present study, the potential of using organic fertilizer as an alternative nutrient source to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris was investigated. Under the supplement of organic nutrients, it was found that C. vulgaris grown favourably under the following conditions: initial nitrate content of 26.67mg/L, 24h of continuous illumination and pH of 5. Nevertheless, slow growth rate was observed when cultivating C. vulgaris under open environment; a reduction of 27% was recorded in comparison with controlled environment. On the other hand, it was possible to reutilize the water to re-cultivate C. vulgaris. This observation reflects the high adaptability of C. vulgaris towards the surrounding environment and suitability to be grown under outdoor conditions. Total lipid of 18.1% from C. vulgaris biomass was successfully extracted and the fatty acids methyl ester profile was proven to be suitable for making biodiesel.

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  • Lam, Man Kee & Lee, Keat Teong, 2012. "Potential of using organic fertilizer to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris for biodiesel production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 303-308.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:94:y:2012:i:c:p:303-308
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.01.075
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    3. Talebian-Kiakalaieh, Amin & Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina & Mazaheri, Hossein, 2013. "A review on novel processes of biodiesel production from waste cooking oil," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 683-710.
    4. Rosmahadi, Nurulfarah Adilah & Rawindran, Hemamalini & Lim, Jun Wei & Kiatkittipong, Worapon & Assabumrungrat, Suttichai & Najdanovic-Visak, Vesna & Wang, Jiawei & Chidi, Boredi Silas & Ho, Chii-Dong , 2022. "Enhancing growth environment for attached microalgae to populate onto spent coffee grounds in producing biodiesel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    5. George F. Antonious & Eric T. Turley & Mohammad H. Dawood, 2020. "Monitoring Soil Enzymes Activity before and after Animal Manure Application," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-12, May.
    6. Cheah, Wai Yan & Ling, Tau Chuan & Show, Pau Loke & Juan, Joon Ching & Chang, Jo-Shu & Lee, Duu-Jong, 2016. "Cultivation in wastewaters for energy: A microalgae platform," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 609-625.
    7. Khanzada, Zareen T. & Övez, Süleyman, 2017. "Microalgae as a sustainable biological system for improving leachate quality," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(P1), pages 757-765.
    8. Prajapati, Sanjeev Kumar & Malik, Anushree & Vijay, Virendra Kumar, 2014. "Comparative evaluation of biomass production and bioenergy generation potential of Chlorella spp. through anaerobic digestion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 790-797.
    9. Antonio Molino & Sanjeet Mehariya & Despina Karatza & Simeone Chianese & Angela Iovine & Patrizia Casella & Tiziana Marino & Dino Musmarra, 2019. "Bench-Scale Cultivation of Microalgae Scenedesmus almeriensis for CO 2 Capture and Lutein Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-14, July.
    10. Lam, Man Kee & Yusoff, Mohammad Iqram & Uemura, Yoshimitsu & Lim, Jun Wei & Khoo, Choon Gek & Lee, Keat Teong & Ong, Hwai Chyuan, 2017. "Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris using nutrients source from domestic wastewater for biodiesel production: Growth condition and kinetic studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 197-207.
    11. Zhu, Liandong & Hiltunen, Erkki & Shu, Qing & Zhou, Weizheng & Li, Zhaohua & Wang, Zhongming, 2014. "Biodiesel production from algae cultivated in winter with artificial wastewater through pH regulation by acetic acid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 103-110.
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