IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v377y2025ipds0306261924018695.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A dynamic coordination of microgrids

Author

Listed:
  • Mbungu, Nsilulu T.
  • Siti, Mukwanga W.
  • Bansal, Ramesh C.
  • Naidoo, Raj M.
  • Elnady, A.
  • Ismail, Ali A. Adam
  • Abokhali, Ahmed G.
  • Hamid, Abdul-Kadir

Abstract

Sustainable energy resource implementation has several advantages in terms of energy efficiency, reliability, and resilience. However, there are still challenges with the power quality in suitable energy balance and acceptable voltage levels in the electrical network. Therefore, this study presents novel energy coordination for implementing grid-tied microgrids, including photovoltaic and battery energy storage systems. Thus, multi-agent modelling based on system analysis is implemented to formulate the dynamic performance of independent, interconnected and autonomous microgrids. Three optimal control schemes, including open-loop, closed-loop and model predictive control, are combined with the optimal power flow algorithm to dynamically coordinate each independent agent and the entire microgrid. The system results demonstrate that, by combining these strategies with several smart homes, the dynamic coordination of microgrids brings various benefits, such as important economic, environmental and operation performance indicators, voltage stability, power loss minimisation and power-saving. The validation of the designed approaches is bench-marked within a 33-bus IEEE network in the residential sector. The developed intelligent coordination structures achieve significant energy savings ranging from 23.99% to 36.14% while maintaining suitable system voltage levels and minimising power loss. Besides, the developed dynamic coordination offers an adequate scalability framework for an effective microgrid implementation.

Suggested Citation

  • Mbungu, Nsilulu T. & Siti, Mukwanga W. & Bansal, Ramesh C. & Naidoo, Raj M. & Elnady, A. & Ismail, Ali A. Adam & Abokhali, Ahmed G. & Hamid, Abdul-Kadir, 2025. "A dynamic coordination of microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PD).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:377:y:2025:i:pd:s0306261924018695
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124486
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261924018695
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124486?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Yin, Shuangrui & Ai, Qian & Li, Jiamei & Li, Da & Guo, Qinglei, 2022. "Trading mode design for a virtual power plant based on main-side consortium blockchains," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 325(C).
    2. Li, Shenglin & Zhu, Jizhong & Dong, Hanjiang & Zhu, Haohao & Luo, Fengji & Borghetti, Alberto, 2024. "Multi-time-scale energy management of renewable microgrids considering grid-friendly interaction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 367(C).
    3. Keck, Felix & Lenzen, Manfred & Vassallo, Anthony & Li, Mengyu, 2019. "The impact of battery energy storage for renewable energy power grids in Australia," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 647-657.
    4. Alam, Muhammad Raisul & St-Hilaire, Marc & Kunz, Thomas, 2019. "Peer-to-peer energy trading among smart homes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 1434-1443.
    5. Bertolini, Marina & D'Alpaos, Chiara & Moretto, Michele, 2018. "Do Smart Grids boost investments in domestic PV plants? Evidence from the Italian electricity market," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 890-902.
    6. Khawaja, Yara & Allahham, Adib & Giaouris, Damian & Patsios, Charalampos & Walker, Sara & Qiqieh, Issa, 2019. "An integrated framework for sizing and energy management of hybrid energy systems using finite automata," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 257-272.
    7. Mbungu, Nsilulu T. & Ismail, Ali A. & AlShabi, Mohammad & Bansal, Ramesh C. & Elnady, A. & Hamid, Abdul Kadir, 2023. "Control and estimation techniques applied to smart microgrids: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 179(C).
    8. Gomez-Gonzalez, M. & Hernandez, J.C. & Vera, D. & Jurado, F., 2020. "Optimal sizing and power schedule in PV household-prosumers for improving PV self-consumption and providing frequency containment reserve," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    9. Wu, Jinhui & Yang, Fuwen, 2023. "A dual-driven predictive control for photovoltaic-diesel microgrid secondary frequency regulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    10. Aktas, Ahmet & Erhan, Koray & Özdemir, Sule & Özdemir, Engin, 2018. "Dynamic energy management for photovoltaic power system including hybrid energy storage in smart grid applications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 72-82.
    11. Bian, Yifan & Xie, Lirong & Ye, Jiahao & Ma, Lan & Cui, Chuanshi, 2024. "Peer-to-peer energy sharing model considering multi-objective optimal allocation of shared energy storage in a multi-microgrid system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    12. He, Hongwen & Wang, Yunlong & Han, Ruoyan & Han, Mo & Bai, Yunfei & Liu, Qingwu, 2021. "An improved MPC-based energy management strategy for hybrid vehicles using V2V and V2I communications," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    13. Mbungu, Nsilulu T. & Bansal, Ramesh C. & Naidoo, Raj M. & Bettayeb, Maamar & Siti, Mukwanga W. & Bipath, Minnesh, 2020. "A dynamic energy management system using smart metering," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    14. Arroyo, Javier & Manna, Carlo & Spiessens, Fred & Helsen, Lieve, 2022. "Reinforced model predictive control (RL-MPC) for building energy management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 309(C).
    15. Hussain, I. & Ali, S.M. & Khan, B. & Ullah, Z. & Mehmood, C.A. & Jawad, M. & Farid, U. & Haider, A., 2019. "Stochastic Wind Energy Management Model within smart grid framework: A joint Bi-directional Service Level Agreement (SLA) between smart grid and Wind Energy District Prosumers," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 1017-1033.
    16. Menghwar, Mohan & Yan, Jie & Chi, Yongning & Asim Amin, M. & Liu, Yongqian, 2024. "A market-based real-time algorithm for congestion alleviation incorporating EV demand response in active distribution networks," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 356(C).
    17. Nawaz, Arshad & Wu, Jing & Ye, Jun & Dong, Yidi & Long, Chengnian, 2023. "Distributed MPC-based energy scheduling for islanded multi-microgrid considering battery degradation and cyclic life deterioration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 329(C).
    18. Hernández, J.C. & Sanchez-Sutil, F. & Muñoz-Rodríguez, F.J. & Baier, C.R., 2020. "Optimal sizing and management strategy for PV household-prosumers with self-consumption/sufficiency enhancement and provision of frequency containment reserve," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    19. Clift, Dean Holland & Hasan, Kazi N. & Rosengarten, Gary, 2024. "Peer-to-peer energy trading for demand response of residential smart electric storage water heaters," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    20. Adefarati, T. & Bansal, R.C. & Naidoo, R. & Onaolapo, K.A. & Bettayeb, M. & Olulope, P.K. & Sobowale, A.A., 2024. "Design and techno-economic assessment of a standalone photovoltaic-diesel-battery hybrid energy system for electrification of rural areas: A step towards sustainable development," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 227(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Fachrizal, Reza & Shepero, Mahmoud & Åberg, Magnus & Munkhammar, Joakim, 2022. "Optimal PV-EV sizing at solar powered workplace charging stations with smart charging schemes considering self-consumption and self-sufficiency balance," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    2. Attia, Ahmed M. & Al Hanbali, Ahmad & Saleh, Haitham H. & Alsawafy, Omar G. & Ghaithan, Ahmed M. & Mohammed, Awsan, 2021. "A multi-objective optimization model for sizing decisions of a grid-connected photovoltaic system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    3. Zhao, Chunyang & Andersen, Peter Bach & Træholt, Chresten & Hashemi, Seyedmostafa, 2023. "Grid-connected battery energy storage system: a review on application and integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    4. Mbungu, Nsilulu T. & Bansal, Ramesh C. & Naidoo, Raj M. & Bettayeb, Maamar & Siti, Mukwanga W. & Bipath, Minnesh, 2020. "A dynamic energy management system using smart metering," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 280(C).
    5. Zhang, Haifeng & Tian, Ming & Zhang, Cong & Wang, Bin & Wang, Dai, 2021. "A systematic solution to quantify economic values of vehicle grid integration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    6. Javier Parra-Domínguez & Esteban Sánchez & Ángel Ordóñez, 2023. "The Prosumer: A Systematic Review of the New Paradigm in Energy and Sustainable Development," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-44, July.
    7. Krzysztof Piatek & Andrzej Firlit & Krzysztof Chmielowiec & Mateusz Dutka & Szymon Barczentewicz & Zbigniew Hanzelka, 2021. "Optimal Selection of Metering Points for Power Quality Measurements in Distribution System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-18, February.
    8. Zhang, Wen-Yi & Chen, Yue & Wang, Yi & Xu, Yunjian, 2023. "Equilibrium analysis of a peer-to-peer energy trading market with shared energy storage in a power transmission grid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 274(C).
    9. Chen, Jinbao & Liu, Shaohua & Wang, Yunhe & Hu, Wenqing & Zou, Yidong & Zheng, Yang & Xiao, Zhihuai, 2024. "Generalized predictive control application scheme for nonlinear hydro-turbine regulation system: Based on a precise novel control structure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    10. Khan, Saad Salman & Ahmad, Sadiq & Naeem, Muhammad, 2023. "On-grid joint energy management and trading in uncertain environment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 330(PB).
    11. Cavus, Muhammed & Allahham, Adib & Adhikari, Kabita & Giaouris, Damian, 2024. "A hybrid method based on logic predictive controller for flexible hybrid microgrid with plug-and-play capabilities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 359(C).
    12. Wang, Zhuo & Gladwin, Daniel T. & Smith, Matthew J. & Haass, Stefan, 2021. "Practical state estimation using Kalman filter methods for large-scale battery systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    13. Ali, Liaqat & Azim, M. Imran & Peters, Jan & Pashajavid, Ehsan, 2024. "Expediting battery investment returns for residential customers utilising spot price-aware local energy exchanges," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(C).
    14. Nyong-Bassey, Bassey Etim & Giaouris, Damian & Patsios, Charalampos & Papadopoulou, Simira & Papadopoulos, Athanasios I. & Walker, Sara & Voutetakis, Spyros & Seferlis, Panos & Gadoue, Shady, 2020. "Reinforcement learning based adaptive power pinch analysis for energy management of stand-alone hybrid energy storage systems considering uncertainty," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    15. Zhou, Yuekuan & Lund, Peter D., 2023. "Peer-to-peer energy sharing and trading of renewable energy in smart communities ─ trading pricing models, decision-making and agent-based collaboration," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 177-193.
    16. Jimmy Gallegos & Paul Arévalo & Christian Montaleza & Francisco Jurado, 2024. "Sustainable Electrification—Advances and Challenges in Electrical-Distribution Networks: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-33, January.
    17. Park, Sung-Won & Zhang, Zhong & Li, Furong & Son, Sung-Yong, 2021. "Peer-to-peer trading-based efficient flexibility securing mechanism to support distribution system stability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    18. Rodriguez, Mauricio & Arcos-Aviles, Diego & Guinjoan, Francesc, 2024. "Simple fuzzy logic-based energy management for power exchange in isolated multi-microgrid systems: A case study in a remote community in the Amazon region of Ecuador," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 357(C).
    19. Lyu, Cheng & Jia, Youwei & Xu, Zhao, 2021. "Fully decentralized peer-to-peer energy sharing framework for smart buildings with local battery system and aggregated electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    20. Wilkinson, Sam & Maticka, Martin J. & Liu, Yue & John, Michele, 2021. "The duck curve in a drying pond: The impact of rooftop PV on the Western Australian electricity market transition," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:377:y:2025:i:pd:s0306261924018695. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.