Aerodynamic load evaluation of leading edge and trailing edge windward states of large-scale wind turbine blade under parked condition

The safety and reliability of wind turbine blades are increasingly challenged by extreme wind conditions such as typhoons, as wind turbines tend to become larger. Under these conditions, most units will be shut down and the blades will be pitched to around 90° to minimize the loads. This paper aims to compare a new strategy for the parked condition, i.e., the trailing edge windward state, with the traditional leading edge windward state to verify its technical feasibility. The aerodynamic loads of a 30%-thickness airfoil and a commercial wind turbine blade are comprehensively evaluated by wind tunnel experiment, CFD simulation and engineering analytical model. The two-dimensional airfoil cases indicate that the airfoil resultant force is lower in the trailing edge windward state than in the leading edge windward state for a wide range of angles of attack. Consequently, the three-dimensional blade cases shows that the low load region of the trailing edge windward state is relatively wider than that of the leading edge windward state. The averaged blade root load is reduced by 41.4% ~ 57.8% through trailing edge windward state with prescribed error bounds of windward angular. Besides, it is suggested that the traditional engineering analytical model should improve the precision of the extrapolated airfoil data around AOA = 180 deg. to ensure the accurate load evaluation under the trailing edge windward state. This study suggests a new control strategy for wind turbine blades under the parked condition, which offers significant benefits for load reduction and has a good potential for future applications.