IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v333y2023ics0306261922018712.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A fast and accurate 1-dimensional model for dynamic simulation and optimization of a stratified thermal energy storage

Author

Listed:
  • Untrau, Alix
  • Sochard, Sabine
  • Marias, Frédéric
  • Reneaume, Jean-Michel
  • Le Roux, Galo A.C.
  • Serra, Sylvain

Abstract

As renewable energies are incorporated in larger shares in the electricity grid and district heating and cooling networks, the integration of storage solutions becomes more important. Thermal Energy Storage is an effective way to store heat and utilize the synergies between different energy carriers. Stratified storage tanks are a promising technology because of their low cost, simplicity and reliability. However, the modeling of the thermocline region in a stratified tank remains a challenge. There is a need to develop a fast and accurate 1D model for simulations and optimizations of TES. In this paper, a new discretization scheme is applied to the vertical axis of the storage tank. Orthogonal Collocation accurately represents the temperature profiles inside the storage tank with less points than the traditional multinode model, therefore running faster. Oscillations appear in the temperature profiles computed with orthogonal collocation if the thermocline represented is too steep and a low number of discretization points is used. But if a realistic thermocline is used as initial condition, the model performs well. Thus, it is appropriate to represent the real behavior of a storage tank, where uniform temperature conditions are avoided. Orthogonal Collocation on Finite Elements runs even faster and represents a good perspective for optimization studies. The model developed in this paper is validated with real data from a solar thermal plant with storage. A continuous and smooth model is also developed for natural convection inside the storage tank. The limitations of the model are discussed and perspectives on the modeling of natural convection for optimization models are given.

Suggested Citation

  • Untrau, Alix & Sochard, Sabine & Marias, Frédéric & Reneaume, Jean-Michel & Le Roux, Galo A.C. & Serra, Sylvain, 2023. "A fast and accurate 1-dimensional model for dynamic simulation and optimization of a stratified thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 333(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:333:y:2023:i:c:s0306261922018712
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120614
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261922018712
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120614?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Argyrou, Maria C. & Christodoulides, Paul & Kalogirou, Soteris A., 2018. "Energy storage for electricity generation and related processes: Technologies appraisal and grid scale applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 804-821.
    2. Saloux, E. & Candanedo, J.A., 2019. "Modelling stratified thermal energy storage tanks using an advanced flowrate distribution of the received flow," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 34-45.
    3. Saloux, Etienne & Candanedo, José A., 2021. "Model-based predictive control to minimize primary energy use in a solar district heating system with seasonal thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    4. Ievers, Simon & Lin, Wenxian, 2009. "Numerical simulation of three-dimensional flow dynamics in a hot water storage tank," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(12), pages 2604-2614, December.
    5. Dahash, Abdulrahman & Ochs, Fabian & Tosatto, Alice & Streicher, Wolfgang, 2020. "Toward efficient numerical modeling and analysis of large-scale thermal energy storage for renewable district heating," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    6. Parida, Dipti Ranjan & Advaith, S. & Dani, Nikhil & Basu, Saptarshi, 2022. "Assessing the impact of a novel hemispherical diffuser on a single-tank sensible thermal energy storage system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 202-218.
    7. Baeten, Brecht & Confrey, Thomas & Pecceu, Sébastien & Rogiers, Frederik & Helsen, Lieve, 2016. "A validated model for mixing and buoyancy in stratified hot water storage tanks for use in building energy simulations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 217-229.
    8. Han, Y.M. & Wang, R.Z. & Dai, Y.J., 2009. "Thermal stratification within the water tank," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(5), pages 1014-1026, June.
    9. Ryan, Erich & McDaniel, Benjamin & Kosanovic, Dragoljub, 2022. "Application of thermal energy storage with electrified heating and cooling in a cold climate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 328(C).
    10. Bird, Trevor J. & Jain, Neera, 2020. "Dynamic modeling and validation of a micro-combined heat and power system with integrated thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    11. Muschick, D. & Zlabinger, S. & Moser, A. & Lichtenegger, K. & Gölles, M., 2022. "A multi-layer model of stratified thermal storage for MILP-based energy management systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    12. Lago, Jesus & De Ridder, Fjo & Mazairac, Wiet & De Schutter, Bart, 2019. "A 1-dimensional continuous and smooth model for thermally stratified storage tanks including mixing and buoyancy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 640-655.
    13. Yang, Zhen & Garimella, Suresh V., 2010. "Molten-salt thermal energy storage in thermoclines under different environmental boundary conditions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(11), pages 3322-3329, November.
    14. Liang, Haobin & Liu, Liu & Zhong, Ziwen & Gan, Yixiang & Wu, Jian-Yong & Niu, Jianlei, 2022. "Towards idealized thermal stratification in a novel phase change emulsion storage tank," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).
    15. Nash, Austin L. & Badithela, Apurva & Jain, Neera, 2017. "Dynamic modeling of a sensible thermal energy storage tank with an immersed coil heat exchanger under three operation modes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 877-889.
    16. Haillot, Didier & Franquet, Erwin & Gibout, Stéphane & Bédécarrats, Jean-Pierre, 2013. "Optimization of solar DHW system including PCM media," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 470-475.
    17. Lake, Andrew & Rezaie, Behanz, 2018. "Energy and exergy efficiencies assessment for a stratified cold thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 220(C), pages 605-615.
    18. Guelpa, Elisa & Verda, Vittorio, 2019. "Thermal energy storage in district heating and cooling systems: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 252(C), pages 1-1.
    19. Mawire, Ashmore, 2013. "Experimental and simulated thermal stratification evaluation of an oil storage tank subjected to heat losses during charging," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 459-465.
    20. Zurigat, Y. H. & Ghajar, A. J. & Moretti, P. M., 1988. "Stratified thermal storage tank inlet mixing characterization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 99-111.
    21. F. Aguilar & D. Crespí-Llorens & S. Aledo & P. V. Quiles, 2021. "One-Dimensional Model of a Compact DHW Heat Pump with Experimental Validation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-19, May.
    22. Rahman, Aowabin & Smith, Amanda D., 2018. "Predicting heating demand and sizing a stratified thermal storage tank using deep learning algorithms," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 108-121.
    23. Al-Habaibeh, Amin & Shakmak, Bubaker & Fanshawe, Simon, 2018. "Assessment of a novel technology for a stratified hot water energy storage – The water snake," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 189-198.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Untrau, Alix & Sochard, Sabine & Marias, Frédéric & Reneaume, Jean-Michel & Le Roux, Galo A.C. & Serra, Sylvain, 2024. "Storage management in a rolling horizon Dynamic Real-Time Optimization (DRTO) methodology for a non-concentrating solar thermal plant for low temperature heat production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 360(C).
    2. Yunshen Zhang & Yun Guo & Jiaao Zhu & Weijian Yuan & Feng Zhao, 2024. "New Advances in Materials, Applications, and Design Optimization of Thermocline Heat Storage: Comprehensive Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(10), pages 1-41, May.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Saloux, E. & Candanedo, J.A., 2019. "Modelling stratified thermal energy storage tanks using an advanced flowrate distribution of the received flow," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 34-45.
    2. Lago, Jesus & De Ridder, Fjo & Mazairac, Wiet & De Schutter, Bart, 2019. "A 1-dimensional continuous and smooth model for thermally stratified storage tanks including mixing and buoyancy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C), pages 640-655.
    3. Golmohamadi, Hessam & Larsen, Kim Guldstrand & Jensen, Peter Gjøl & Hasrat, Imran Riaz, 2022. "Integration of flexibility potentials of district heating systems into electricity markets: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 159(C).
    4. Joseph Rendall & Fernando Karg Bulnes & Kyle Gluesenkamp & Ahmad Abu-Heiba & William Worek & Kashif Nawaz, 2021. "A Flow Rate Dependent 1D Model for Thermally Stratified Hot-Water Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-17, May.
    5. De la Cruz-Loredo, Iván & Zinsmeister, Daniel & Licklederer, Thomas & Ugalde-Loo, Carlos E. & Morales, Daniel A. & Bastida, Héctor & Perić, Vedran S. & Saleem, Arslan, 2023. "Experimental validation of a hybrid 1-D multi-node model of a hot water thermal energy storage tank," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 332(C).
    6. Xun Yang & Yong Wang & Teng Xiong, 2017. "Numerical and Experimental Study on a Solar Water Heating System in Lhasa," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(7), pages 1-13, July.
    7. Al-Habaibeh, Amin & Shakmak, Bubaker & Fanshawe, Simon, 2018. "Assessment of a novel technology for a stratified hot water energy storage – The water snake," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C), pages 189-198.
    8. Rendall, Joseph & Abu-Heiba, Ahmad & Gluesenkamp, Kyle & Nawaz, Kashif & Worek, William & Elatar, Ahmed, 2021. "Nondimensional convection numbers modeling thermally stratified storage tanks: Richardson's number and hot-water tanks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    9. Baeten, Brecht & Confrey, Thomas & Pecceu, Sébastien & Rogiers, Frederik & Helsen, Lieve, 2016. "A validated model for mixing and buoyancy in stratified hot water storage tanks for use in building energy simulations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 217-229.
    10. Zhang, Xingxing & Shen, Jingchun & Lu, Yan & He, Wei & Xu, Peng & Zhao, Xudong & Qiu, Zhongzhu & Zhu, Zishang & Zhou, Jinzhi & Dong, Xiaoqiang, 2015. "Active Solar Thermal Facades (ASTFs): From concept, application to research questions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 32-63.
    11. Ma, Qijie & Wang, Peijun & Fan, Jianhua & Klar, Assaf, 2022. "Underground solar energy storage via energy piles: An experimental study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    12. Abdelsalam, M.Y. & Teamah, H.M. & Lightstone, M.F. & Cotton, J.S., 2020. "Hybrid thermal energy storage with phase change materials for solar domestic hot water applications: Direct versus indirect heat exchange systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 77-88.
    13. Sifnaios, Ioannis & Sneum, Daniel Møller & Jensen, Adam R. & Fan, Jianhua & Bramstoft, Rasmus, 2023. "The impact of large-scale thermal energy storage in the energy system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    14. Saloux, Etienne & Runge, Jason & Zhang, Kun, 2023. "Operation optimization of multi-boiler district heating systems using artificial intelligence-based model predictive control: Field demonstrations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    15. Nash, Austin L. & Badithela, Apurva & Jain, Neera, 2017. "Dynamic modeling of a sensible thermal energy storage tank with an immersed coil heat exchanger under three operation modes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 877-889.
    16. Yang, Tianrun & Liu, Wen & Kramer, Gert Jan & Sun, Qie, 2021. "Seasonal thermal energy storage: A techno-economic literature review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    17. Kocijel, Lino & Mrzljak, Vedran & Glažar, Vladimir, 2020. "Numerical analysis of geometrical and process parameters influence on temperature stratification in a large volumetric heat storage tank," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    18. Zinsmeister, Daniel & Tzscheutschler, Peter & Perić, Vedran S. & Goebel, Christoph, 2023. "Stratified thermal energy storage model with constant layer volume for predictive control — Formulation, comparison, and empirical validation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(P2).
    19. Diana Enescu & Gianfranco Chicco & Radu Porumb & George Seritan, 2020. "Thermal Energy Storage for Grid Applications: Current Status and Emerging Trends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-21, January.
    20. Liang, Haobin & Liu, Liu & Zhong, Ziwen & Gan, Yixiang & Wu, Jian-Yong & Niu, Jianlei, 2022. "Towards idealized thermal stratification in a novel phase change emulsion storage tank," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 310(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:333:y:2023:i:c:s0306261922018712. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.