IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v322y2022ics0306261922008042.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Graph convolutional networks-based method for estimating design loads of complex buildings in the preliminary design stage

Author

Listed:
  • Lu, Jie
  • Zhang, Chaobo
  • Li, Junyang
  • Zhao, Yang
  • Qiu, Weikang
  • Li, Tingting
  • Zhou, Kai
  • He, Jianing

Abstract

Data-driven methods have shown powerful capabilities in estimating design cooling, heating and electricity loads of general buildings during the preliminary design stage. However, it is still quite challenging for them to handle complex buildings. Since conventional methods cannot describe the complex structures properly in a mathematical way. To address this challenge, this study proposes a graph convolutional networks-based method. The method includes three steps, i.e., graph representation, graphical model learning, and graphical model interpretation. Graph representation is designed to divide complex buildings into several basic blocks and utilizes graphs to represent the relationships among blocks. A graph convolutional network model, a state-of-art graphical model, is then trained to learn the energy load patterns of each basic block using the graphs. After that, class activation mapping, an effective interpretation algorithm for graph convolutional networks, is applied to quantify the contribution of each building feature to the model output. Operational data of 800 simulated complex buildings with significantly different structures are generated using SketchUp and Openstudio to verify the performance of the proposed method. Four representative data-driven models (artificial neural networks, random forest, support vector regression and gradient boosting tree) and one fast physical principle-based estimation method are selected as baseline methods for performance comparison with the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method has the highest accuracy. According to the results of class activation mapping, it is also demonstrated that the knowledge learned using a graph convolutional network is consistent with the domain knowledge.

Suggested Citation

  • Lu, Jie & Zhang, Chaobo & Li, Junyang & Zhao, Yang & Qiu, Weikang & Li, Tingting & Zhou, Kai & He, Jianing, 2022. "Graph convolutional networks-based method for estimating design loads of complex buildings in the preliminary design stage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:322:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922008042
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119478
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261922008042
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119478?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Li, Xinyi & Yao, Runming, 2020. "A machine-learning-based approach to predict residential annual space heating and cooling loads considering occupant behaviour," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    2. Friedman, Jerome H., 2002. "Stochastic gradient boosting," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 367-378, February.
    3. Fan, Cheng & Xiao, Fu & Wang, Shengwei, 2014. "Development of prediction models for next-day building energy consumption and peak power demand using data mining techniques," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 1-10.
    4. Park, Junyoung & Park, Jinkyoo, 2019. "Physics-induced graph neural network: An application to wind-farm power estimation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    5. Shaikh, Pervez Hameed & Nor, Nursyarizal Bin Mohd & Nallagownden, Perumal & Elamvazuthi, Irraivan & Ibrahim, Taib, 2014. "A review on optimized control systems for building energy and comfort management of smart sustainable buildings," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 34(C), pages 409-429.
    6. Zhao, Yang & Li, Tingting & Zhang, Xuejun & Zhang, Chaobo, 2019. "Artificial intelligence-based fault detection and diagnosis methods for building energy systems: Advantages, challenges and the future," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 85-101.
    7. Zhong, Hai & Wang, Jiajun & Jia, Hongjie & Mu, Yunfei & Lv, Shilei, 2019. "Vector field-based support vector regression for building energy consumption prediction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 403-414.
    8. Zhou, Xinlei & Lin, Wenye & Kumar, Ritunesh & Cui, Ping & Ma, Zhenjun, 2022. "A data-driven strategy using long short term memory models and reinforcement learning to predict building electricity consumption," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PB).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Massimiliano Manfren & Karla M. Gonzalez-Carreon & Patrick A. B. James, 2024. "Interpretable Data-Driven Methods for Building Energy Modelling—A Review of Critical Connections and Gaps," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(4), pages 1-22, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Wang, Ran & Lu, Shilei & Feng, Wei, 2020. "A novel improved model for building energy consumption prediction based on model integration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    2. Venkatraj, V. & Dixit, M.K., 2022. "Challenges in implementing data-driven approaches for building life cycle energy assessment: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 160(C).
    3. Fan, Cheng & Sun, Yongjun & Xiao, Fu & Ma, Jie & Lee, Dasheng & Wang, Jiayuan & Tseng, Yen Chieh, 2020. "Statistical investigations of transfer learning-based methodology for short-term building energy predictions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    4. Afroz, Zakia & Urmee, Tania & Shafiullah, G.M. & Higgins, Gary, 2018. "Real-time prediction model for indoor temperature in a commercial building," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 29-53.
    5. Moudgil, Vipul & Hewage, Kasun & Hussain, Syed Asad & Sadiq, Rehan, 2023. "Integration of IoT in building energy infrastructure: A critical review on challenges and solutions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    6. Razak Olu-Ajayi & Hafiz Alaka & Hakeem Owolabi & Lukman Akanbi & Sikiru Ganiyu, 2023. "Data-Driven Tools for Building Energy Consumption Prediction: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-20, March.
    7. Elsisi, Mahmoud & Amer, Mohammed & Dababat, Alya’ & Su, Chun-Lien, 2023. "A comprehensive review of machine learning and IoT solutions for demand side energy management, conservation, and resilient operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 281(C).
    8. dos Santos Ferreira, Greicili & Martins dos Santos, Deilson & Luciano Avila, Sérgio & Viana Luiz Albani, Vinicius & Cardoso Orsi, Gustavo & Cesar Cordeiro Vieira, Pedro & Nilson Rodrigues, Rafael, 2023. "Short- and long-term forecasting for building energy consumption considering IPMVP recommendations, WEO and COP27 scenarios," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    9. Wang, Zeyu & Liu, Jian & Zhang, Yuanxin & Yuan, Hongping & Zhang, Ruixue & Srinivasan, Ravi S., 2021. "Practical issues in implementing machine-learning models for building energy efficiency: Moving beyond obstacles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    10. Antimo Barbato & Cristiana Bolchini & Angela Geronazzo & Elisa Quintarelli & Andrei Palamarciuc & Alessandro Pitì & Cristina Rottondi & Giacomo Verticale, 2016. "Energy Optimization and Management of Demand Response Interactions in a Smart Campus," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-20, May.
    11. Ding, Zhikun & Chen, Weilin & Hu, Ting & Xu, Xiaoxiao, 2021. "Evolutionary double attention-based long short-term memory model for building energy prediction: Case study of a green building," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    12. Zhang, Chaobo & Li, Junyang & Zhao, Yang & Li, Tingting & Chen, Qi & Zhang, Xuejun & Qiu, Weikang, 2021. "Problem of data imbalance in building energy load prediction: Concept, influence, and solution," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    13. Tran, Duc-Hoc & Luong, Duc-Long & Chou, Jui-Sheng, 2020. "Nature-inspired metaheuristic ensemble model for forecasting energy consumption in residential buildings," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    14. Chen, Yibo & Zhang, Fengyi & Berardi, Umberto, 2020. "Day-ahead prediction of hourly subentry energy consumption in the building sector using pattern recognition algorithms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C).
    15. Mohammad Mahdi Forootan & Iman Larki & Rahim Zahedi & Abolfazl Ahmadi, 2022. "Machine Learning and Deep Learning in Energy Systems: A Review," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-49, April.
    16. Mansoor, Umer & Jamal, Arshad & Su, Junbiao & Sze, N.N. & Chen, Anthony, 2023. "Investigating the risk factors of motorcycle crash injury severity in Pakistan: Insights and policy recommendations," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 21-38.
    17. Chen, Zhelun & O’Neill, Zheng & Wen, Jin & Pradhan, Ojas & Yang, Tao & Lu, Xing & Lin, Guanjing & Miyata, Shohei & Lee, Seungjae & Shen, Chou & Chiosa, Roberto & Piscitelli, Marco Savino & Capozzoli, , 2023. "A review of data-driven fault detection and diagnostics for building HVAC systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 339(C).
    18. Fan, Cheng & Sun, Yongjun & Zhao, Yang & Song, Mengjie & Wang, Jiayuan, 2019. "Deep learning-based feature engineering methods for improved building energy prediction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 240(C), pages 35-45.
    19. Bissan Ghaddar & Ignacio Gómez-Casares & Julio González-Díaz & Brais González-Rodríguez & Beatriz Pateiro-López & Sofía Rodríguez-Ballesteros, 2023. "Learning for Spatial Branching: An Algorithm Selection Approach," INFORMS Journal on Computing, INFORMS, vol. 35(5), pages 1024-1043, September.
    20. Akash Malhotra, 2018. "A hybrid econometric-machine learning approach for relative importance analysis: Prioritizing food policy," Papers 1806.04517, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2020.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:322:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922008042. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.