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A framework to measure the technical, economic, and rate impacts of distributed solar, electric vehicles, and storage

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  • Pablo Carvallo, Juan
  • Bieler, Stephanie
  • Collins, Myles
  • Mueller, Joscha
  • Gehbauer, Christoph
  • Gotham, Douglas J.
  • Larsen, Peter H.

Abstract

This study explores the joint impacts across the power system of distributed energy resources (DER) that could be deployed in utility distribution systems through an analysis of generation, transmission, and distribution expansion and costs driven by DER adoption. We identify six adoption scenarios that combine deployment levels of rooftop solar photovoltaic modules (PV), electric vehicle charging (EV), and battery storage in residential and commercial customers connected to representative feeders in Indiana by 2025 and 2040. Indiana is a good proxy for many U.S. states with low current DER adoption but potentially high future growth. The economic value of DER is assessed by developing capacity expansion and power flow analysis of the generation and distribution segments, respectively, under future hourly demand assumptions based on each adoption scenarios. Results for the distribution system power flow simulations show that voltage violations are relatively rare. Voltage violations can be mitigated at a very low cost using a combination of smart inverters in future rooftop PV systems and voltage adjustments in the feeder heads. Line loading issues are minimal, with only 0.2% of simulation hours showing loading levels above 100% of capacity. Generation capacity impacts are driven by unmanaged EV charging and could be mitigated with charging management. We estimate that the incremental rate impact from power system investment and operation of increased DER adoption in Indiana will be between −1.6% to + 2% in 2025 and + 0.2% to + 15% in 2040 relative to the base case.

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  • Pablo Carvallo, Juan & Bieler, Stephanie & Collins, Myles & Mueller, Joscha & Gehbauer, Christoph & Gotham, Douglas J. & Larsen, Peter H., 2021. "A framework to measure the technical, economic, and rate impacts of distributed solar, electric vehicles, and storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 297(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:297:y:2021:i:c:s0306261921005948
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117160
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Lyu, Yuan & He, Yongxiu & Li, Shanzi & Zhou, Jinghan & Li, Bo, 2024. "Impact of grid connection cost channeling mechanisms on the development of distributed photovoltaic: The case of China," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    3. Lyu, Yuan & He, Yongxiu & Zhou, Jinghan & Xie, Yuxin, 2023. "Prosumer standby fee design: Solving the inequity problem of China's county-wide photovoltaic project promotion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 309-320.
    4. Chen, Xiao & Zanocco, Chad & Flora, June & Rajagopal, Ram, 2022. "Constructing dynamic residential energy lifestyles using Latent Dirichlet Allocation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    5. Lyu, Yuan & He, Yongxiu & Li, Shanzi & Zhou, Jinghan & Tian, BingYing, 2024. "Channeling approach of prosumer connection costs considering regional differences in China — Evolutionary game among distributed photovoltaic entities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    6. Gorman, Will & Barbose, Galen & Pablo Carvallo, Juan & Baik, Sunhee & Miller, Chandler & White, Philip & Praprost, Marlena, 2023. "County-level assessment of behind-the-meter solar and storage to mitigate long duration power interruptions for residential customers," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 342(C).

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